Transcript and nature reserves

“Ecology around us”
What science studies nature?
Ecology
What are the main ecological problems of today?
Fires
Air pollution
Trees are cut down
Water and land pollution
Add one word to make proper word combination
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a national …
the grand …
a nature …
to protect the…
a unique…
air …
… tourist places
to damage …
throw
wildlife
plants
sea
protect
water
There are a lot of factories and __________
in my city. They ________ a lot of chemicals
into the air and into the _________. They
poison water into the ________. Fish can’t
live in it. ____________ is destroyed. We
must ___________ nature as we can.
Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
1. Environment
a) It’s the place where animals,
2. Hunters
b) The material which pollutes
3. The earth
4. A Nature reserve
birds and plants are protected.
rivers, lakes and forests.
c) Everything that is around us.
d) People who kill animals for
their meat and fur.
5. A tree
6. Litter
e) A planet where we live.
f) Plants which give us fruits.
Do you know about national parks and nature
reserves in Kazakhstan?
Now there are 12 national parks (Altyn-Emel, Bayanaul,
Burabay,Buyratau,Charyn,Ile-Alatau,Karkaraly,KatonKaragay,Kokshetau,Kolsay Lakes,Sayram-Ugam,Zhongar-Alatau) and 5
nature reserves (Aksu-Zhabagly ,Barsa-Kelmes ,Karatau ,Korgalzhyn ,
Naurzum ) in Kazakhstan.
The Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve
• The Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve offers over
850 sq. km of wonderful archa (juniper) forests,
alpine meadows, streams, rivers and rocky
mountains. It was the first nature reserve created in
Central Asia and Kazakhstan and is the only
UNESCO biosphere reserve in the region.
• It hosts 1,279 recorded species of flora, 57 of them
registered in the Red Book of Kazakhstan
including the Greig's Tulip (the symbol of the
reserve).
• There are also 238 species of birds and 42 species
of mammals; including many endangered ones
(Egyptian vulture, berkut, black stork, blue bird,
brown bear, arkhar, paradise flycatcher, snow
leopard, Central Asian lynx and others).
Barsa-Kelmes Nature Reserve
• The reserve is situated on an island of
the same name in the Aral sea. Its
territory is as large as 30, 000 ha. Some
250 species of plants constitute its flora.
Its fauna that numbers 56 species of
animals includes – among others –
Asiatic wild ass, Persian gazelle, corsac
fox and wolf. 203 is the number of bird
species.
Naurzum Nature Reserve
The largest portion of the latter tract is covered by
Naurzum Coniferous Forests.
It is possible to consider the pine forests of the
reserve native, as they have been preserved practically
unchanged since the tertiary epoch.
And while the birches of Naurzum may be less
slender and graceful than those of Russia, nevertheless,
they are beautiful, even those which grow near saline
lakes. These are of a special kind, the Kyrgyz Birch,
endemic of Northern Kazakhstan. They grow in a
comparatively small area here, and nowhere else in the
world.
The emblem of Naurzum Reserve is the hissing swan.
However, the grave eagle could equally be considered
as a symbol of the region, for here its population
reaches around 30 couples.
The most graceful animals of the reserve, the beauty
of the Naurzum Coniferous Forest, are the roe deer.
Karatau nature reserve
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Karatau Nature Reserve is a wildlife refuge
in the mid part of the Karatau Mountains,
near Kyzylkum, Betpak-Dala and Moiynkum
deserts in the South Kazakhstan Province of
Kazakhstan, in Central Asia. It was founded
in 2004. Its territory is around 34 300 hа.
Some 700 species of plants constitute its
flora, 62 species are endemic. Its fauna
includes, among others, the Kara Tau argali,
Indian Crested Porcupine and Beech Marten.
There are 118 bird species in the area. The
re-introduction of brown bear, koulan and
snow leopard, all of which used to inhabit
this area, is planned.
Korgalzhyn State Nature Reserve
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Korgalzhyn National Park is the largest
preserve zone in Kazakhstan, occupying an
area of about 258.9 million hectares, including
198,000 hectares of wetlands.
The preserve's flora counts about 350 kinds of
plants, 90% of which are grasses. The fauna
includes some 82 types of birds, 33 of which are
included in the "Red Book"; they are the black
lark, great bustard, crane, gyrfalcon and steppe
wind hover.
There are no large trees, as this is the domain of
low grasses and bushes typical for the steppe
area. The Kurgaljinski lakes are rich in fish,
including edible species. They are golden and
argentine crucian, ide, pike, tench, perch, and
roach.
Borovoe national park
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Borovoye (Burabay) Lake is situated in the territory of the Shuchinsky
district of Kokshetau oblast in the eastern foothills of Kokshe
Mountain. Its territory is 10.5 sq. km, length is 4.5 km, width is 3.9
km; average depth is 4.5 m, and maximum depth is 7 m. The shore line
is 13.6 km and water area is 164 sq. km.
There are 14 lakes on the territory of the park, each of which has an area
of more than 1 km, and there are a great many smaller lakes. The largest
lakes are Bolshoye Chebachye and Maloye Chebachye,
Shchuchye and Borovoye.
The bowl of the lake is almost round, and its bottom level; the
southern shores are rocky, and the eastern shores are sandy. The water
in the lake is soft and still, and one can see to the deepest bottom of the
lake. Borovoye Lake is separated by mountain ranges from the closest
lakes (Big and Small Chebiache, Shuche, Kotyrkol, Zhukei, etc.).
The combination of mountains, pine forests and lakes creates special
climate conditions in the natural boundary. Plant life on park territory is
represented by forest, steppe, meadow, marsh and salt marsh species. The
flora comprises about 800 species. There are 305 vertebrate animal
species.
Bayanaul National Park
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The park is located within the Kazakh Uplands.
The highest point of Bayanaul is Akbet
mountain (1027 m). According to legend, the
mountain is named in honor of Akbet, a girl
who threw herself from its peak when she was
given to mjavascript:;arry someone she didn't
love.
There are four relatively large fresh water lakes
on the territory of the park Sabyndykol,
javascript:;
Jasybay, Toraygir and Byrzhankol.
Four kinds of vegetation can be found in the
park- forest, forest-steppe, steppe and meadow.
The floristic diversity of the park consists of
around 460 species, including the Bayanaul
pine and the black alder.
Around 50 species of bird and 40 species of
mammals inhabit Bayanaul National Park,
including different types of forest game, as well
as the argali, roe deer, European
badgerand squirrel.
Altyn-Emel State National Park
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A vast territory on the southeast of Kazakhstan
with unspoiled nature, abundance of wildlife
and vegetation, known for its Singing Sands
and Beshatyr Saka burial mounds.
Singing Sands-two mysterious 100 metres
high dunes, that under influence of west wind
produces an astonishing sound reminding an
organ.
Burial mounds of Beshatyr Saka - is a unique
historical site and the only place in world there
such burial mounds can be met.
These are the huge artificial hills, 17 metres
high and 100 metres across dated to the Iron
Age and served as a graves for members of
Saka royal families. From the top of the hill,
the one can get a fascinating view on Ili river.
Red and white rocks of Altyn Emel turn the
valley into very colourful scenary.
The State National park of Charyn
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Sharyn River valley is a unique site, where
prehistoric flora and fauna remnants have
been found. Sharyn River is a mountain river
and is the largest inflow of Ili River in
Kazakhstan, with the length of 393 km.
The park is rich not only in unique natural
objects and complexes, but also in historical
and cultural heritage, such as burial grounds
and barrows. Barrows are underground or
above ground burial places, constructed in a
shape of barrows
The park is attractive at any time of the year,
in the spring - air is filled by aroma of
blossoming medicinal herbs and bushes, in
the summer you can shelter yourself from the
sun under a shade of a relic ash-tree, in the
autumn you can admire the bright
indescribable colours of ripe barberries, in the
winter you can observe calmly how ice floats
on dark blue water as majestic snow tops of
«the Valley of Castles».
Sairam-Ugamskiy State National Park
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The picturesque glacier lakes and high mountain valleys of
the Ugamskiy range with beautiful Archa and birch forests,
mountain river ,springs and good roads . The road ends at
the entrance to Sayram-Su camp, located in a big field,
near the river. There is a splendid view of mountain
summits and Sayram Peak (4238m), the highest point in
the Shymkent region.
Trekking through the high mountain valleys and canyons
of the Western Tien-Shan along Southern part of the Aksu
Zhabagly Nature Reserve, you will enjoy the rare nature
and varied vegetation and wildlife of our region.
The area has something for everyone. Untouched nature
rarely visited by people, but accessible by horse. The
region's best summits: Kizil-bush (4200m), Druzhba
(4100m), and Sayramskiy (4238m) for mountain climbers;
for lovers of history, the ancient monuments and sites of
the Great Silk Road and earlier burial mounds.
Historical sites in the region: mausoleums, burial mounds
and churches.
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Kolsay Lakes National Park
The lowest lake, at 1,818m, stretches for 1 km. It is
accessible by road and there are comfortable
guesthouses and campsites. The middle Kolsai Lake
(2,252 m) the largest and the most beautiful, is 5 km
from the first lake.
The highest of the Kolsais is 4 km further and 600 m
higher up. After another 6 km you reach the SaryBulak Pass (3,278m) on the Kyrgyzstan border, with
superb views over the blue Lake Issyk-Kul. The
whole 25-km trek can be covered in a day on
horseback or three days on foot.
The two lower lakes are surrounded by fir trees,
alpine meadows and mountain pastures. The upper
lake is situated among rocks. The shortest and least
difficult path to Lake Issyk-Kul runs through the
Kolsay lakes. The Kolsay Lakes are the goal of many
visitors. The dark blue color of the water, and the
silence and calmness of the area are the unique
features of Kolsai. The trekking amateur will admire a
fascinating panorama of lakes, surrounded by rocks,
forests of broad-leaved trees, fir-trees and mountain
alpine meadows.
Katon-Karagay National Park
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Katon-Karagay National Park territory is included in the
Kazakhstan part of Altai-Sayan ecological region. It is the
largest national park in Kazakhstan.
Rich diversity of flora and fauna, as well as preserved
species, included in the Kazakhstan Red Book, is
concentrated here. According to preliminary information
there are over 1000 species of vascular plants in the park. 30
species are listed as endangered: they are Rhodiola rosea,
rapontikum carthamoides, Altaic rhubarb, Altaic anthrax,
and others.
Forests of the National Park occupy 34% of the Park’s
territory and consist mainly of coniferous species, which
include fir, cedar, larch, birch and aspen, a large variety of
shrubs and dwarf shrubs.
Faunal composition represented by 363 species of
vertebrates: bony fishes (6), amphibians (2), reptiles (6),
birds (284), mammals (65). Altai snowcock, black storks,
gray cranes, belladonna, a burial ground, osprey, saker
falcon, peregrine falcon, hawk-nosed scoter, snow leopards,
stone martens, trout are included in the Red Book.
Kokshetau State National Nature Park
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The forests and lakes of the region are protected as a part of
Kokshetau National Park. The wildlife is very rich and
varied. Forests are inhabited by elk, deer, wild boar, wolves
and many other species of animals. Lakes are rich in fish
species.
Kokshetau State National Nature Park was established in
April, 1996 by Kazakhstan government decree. Its main area,
60 km southwest of Kokshetau, is more than 135,000
hectares and includes the mountainous forests and lakes of
Zerenda, Shalkar and Imantau natural zones. The territory is
under a special protection regime which mitigates damage to
natural and cultural sites.
Wildlife in Kokshetau is a rare combination of species from
different epochs and geographical regions. Ancient lichens
and ferns grow underneath trees and bushes.
Typical Siberian taiga animals such as elk, lynx, forest
marten, white hare, and ermine live close to the inhabitants
of southern steppes and semi-desert, such as korsak fox,
gopher, grey hare, and steppe polecat. The varied
wildlife has always attracted people to this region.
National Park Entrance fee is 1.3 Euro (in 2006).
The Karkaraly national park
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According to legend, the name of the Karkaraly
Mountains originated from “karkara”, the name
of the jewel in the women's head-dress which
was probably lost by a beautiful girl in the
steppe. Nowadays the Karkaraly mountain oasis
is a real decoration of central Kazakhstan. The
territory includes the Karkaraly National Park.
The slopes of the Karkaraly Mountains are
indented by numerous ravines, with rivers and
streams running through them. The mountains
are formed mainly of granite and are covered
with pine and birch forests and with
shrubs. There are also places where the cliffs are
bare - not covered with anything. Numerous
lakes, (such as the Shaitankol, Bassein,
Pashennoye and Bolshoye), beautify the
mountains and provide places of interest for a
visit, or for bathing.
Ile-Alatau National Park
Kazakhstan.
A significant portion of the park is occupied by unique relict
spruce forests, which have survived the Quaternary ice ages.
Here grows Schrenk’s spruce, which can reach a height of 45
meters and a diameter of up to two meters. This stately tree
lives for up to 250-300 years, and at the upper treeline, for up
to 600. Below the coniferous forest zone lie mixed forests,
distinguished by their rich diversity of species. Here one
encounters the common apricot, Mushketov’s atraphaxis,
Turkestan shrub maple, Yanchevsky’s currant, Caucasian
carcas, and, of course, Sivers’ apple. According to the latest
research, this is the forefather of all of the world’s known
apple varieties. In all, more than 1000 species of plants are
known to exist in the park.
The animal world of the Trans-Ili Alatau is diverse as well,
including some 300 species of mammals and birds. Here dwell
the snow leopard (or irbis), Central Asian lynx, Tien-Shan
brown bear, Central Asian rock marten, ibex (or tau-teke),
ibisbill, bearded vulture, griffin vulture, golden eagle, and blue
rock thrush.
WHAT ARE THE RESULTS OF OUR
INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT?
-We pollute the air. We change the climate.
-When the air is polluted, climate is changed.
-We leave a fire. – We destroy the forest.
-When the fire is left, the forest is destroyed. --We throw away plastic bottles. We damage
nature.
-When plastic bottles are thrown away,nature
is damaged.
WHAT ARE THE RESULTS OF OUR
INFLUENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT?
-We break trees. – We disturb birds.
-When trees are broken,birds are disturbe.
-We throw litter in the rivers and seas.
– We cause water pollution.
-When litter is thrown in the rivers and seas,
the water pollution is caused.
-We leave litter in the forests. – We hurt
animals.
-When litter is left in the forests, animals are
hurt.
Complete the sentences with
model verbs:
• can, we, plant, trees
• We can plant trees.
• not, they, disturb, must, animals, wild.
• They must not disturb wild animals.
• School, need, we, clear up, a, yard.
• We need clear up a school yard.
Fill in active words:
1. Cars …
air in big cities.
2. Fish dies in … , rivers and seas.
3. Animals are … .
4. Factories and plants put waste into the
… .
5. Fires … forests.
Изображения использованы со след сайтов:
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http://www.gumilev-center.az/chernye-zemli-v-geoprostranstve-evrazii/
http://strana.ru/places/30915
http://www.contrasterra.ru/topic/detail/2520
http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/kostya-koshelev/view/603583/?page=7
http://www.sundancechannel.com/sunfiltered/2008/07/unesco-natural-world-heritagesites-face-more-threats/
http://www.floridaadventuring.com/national-parks-in-florida.html
http://www.uadream.com/tourism/America/USA/element.php?ID=49424
http://www.attractions-gatlinburg.com/national_park.html
http://vksors.org.ua/category/dokumenty/page/4
http://www.artsides.ru/?ItemID=3004&SetID=56
http://chizhov-s-v.ru/newsreader/290
http://novos.mk.ru/article/2011/04/12/580191-chto-nam-zhdat-ot-sezona-ognya.html
http://www.megaservice.com.ru/statii.html