Transcript biomepresentation

Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome
Adam Tran
Introduction
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Four seasons: winter, spring, summer and fall.
The climate is mild, with warm summers and cool
winters.
30 and 60 inches of precipitation a year.
Average annual temperature is 50°F.
Trees lose leaves during winter months.
Introduction
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Located in Eurasia, northeastern United States, and
Eastern Canada.
Introduction
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Trees of a deciduous
temperate forest lose
their leaves every
winter
Leaves change color
during the fall
Introduction
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Common animals include
deer, bears, beavers,
and raccoons.
Great Smoky Mountains
National Park have 66
species of mammals,
over 200 varieties of
birds, 50 native fish
species, and more than
80 types of reptiles and
amphibians.
Introduction
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Great Smoky Mountain
National Park contains one
of the largest blocks of
old-growth temperate
deciduous forest in North
America
Between South Carolina
and Tennessee
Part of the Appalachian
Mountain chain
Common Organisms: Producers
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White trillium common to the
Great Smoky Mountains
White trillium (Trillium
grandiflorum)
American Beech (Fagus
grandifolia)
Common Organisms: Producers
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Carpet Moss (Mnium
hornum)
Shagbark Hickory
(Carya ovata)
Common Organisms: Producers
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Garlic Mustard
(Alliaria petiolata)
Catawba
rhododendron
(Rhododendron
catawbiense)
Garlic Mustard is an invasive
species of Smoky Mountains
National Park
The Catawba is a blooming
shrub of Smoky Mountains
National Park
Common Organisms: Primary Consumers
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Elk have recently been
reintroduced to the Great
Smoky Mountains National
Park
Elk (Cervus canadensis)
White-tailed Deer
(Odocoileus
virginianus)
Common Organisms: Primary Consumers
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Red Squirrel (Sciurus
vulgaris)
Wooly Adelgid
(Adelges tsugae)
Common Organisms: Secondary Comsumers
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Barred Owl (Strix
varia)
Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Common Organisms: Tertiary Consumers
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Black Bear are found in the
Smoky Mountains
Black Bear (Ursus
americanus)
Cougar (Puma
concolor)
Food Web
Predator-Prey Relationships
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As the population of
prey increases, the
population of
predators also
increases
When the population
of predators becomes
too high, the number
of prey decreases
Predator-Prey Relationships
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The Great Horned
Owl eats small
mammals such as rats,
squirrels, skunks, and
weasels
Role of Predation in Population Control
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Because the population of predators increases with
the population of prey, the population of prey will
never exceed a certain amount
When the population of prey is reduced by the
presence of excess predators, predator’s food
sources are reduced and the population decreases
Role of Predation in Population Control
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The Great Horned Owl will reduce the number of
rodents in an ecosystem, and the reduced number
of rodent will decrease the number of owls
In an excess of prey, black bears will have more
food, but when predation leads to the reduction of
prey, black bear population will decrease
Energy Pyramid
Indiana Bat
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The Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) has been listed as
endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The 2005 population estimate was about 457,000
Indiana bats
Half as many were listed as endangered in 1967
In New York, the population of Indiana bats is
increasing
Indiana Bat: Reasons for Decline
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A single cave can have 20,000 to 50,000 bats, so
a single disturbance can have great consequences
Commercialization of caves (touring) can disturb
populations
Gating caves disallows access for bats
Deforestation causes bats to lose foraging sites
Insecticides reduce insect populations, which are
food for bats
Human Impact: Non-native Species
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Hemlock Woolly Adelgids are insects that pose a
threat the Hemlock populations
 Likely
to kill most of the Great Smoky Mountains
Hemlock population
 Hemlock are critical to the survival of trout and other
water species
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Balsam Woolly Adelgids are insects that kill Fraser
firs
 The
Fraser fir is now listed as a Federal Species of
Concern
Human Impact: Non-native Species
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Rainbow trout and
brown trout act as
competition for the
native brook trout
 Non-native
species are
larger and more
aggressive
Rainbow Trout
Human Impact: Disease
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Diseases such as the chestnut blight and Dutch elm
disease were introduced by humans
The chestnut blight has infected nearly every
American Chestnut
 Extinction
is averted because the blight does not affect
young chestnuts
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International timber trade increases the risk of
transmitting disease causing organisms
Pests can travel to new regions where predators
don’t control their population
Human Impact: Deforestation
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Logging is not so much of a problem for deciduous
forests
 In
order to reduce forests, demand has to exceed rate
of regeneration, which is rare
 Area of forests involved in logging is much less than
area involved in clearing for other uses
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Land that is converted to another use, such as for
farming or development, will likely never regrow
Today, Agricultural surpluses allow farmland to be
converted back into forests
Human Impact: Acid Rain
Predictions for the Future: Migrating Forests
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As warming occurs, forests of North America and
Europe will move northwards
During the last ice age, forests migrated quickly
Farmland will pose as an obstacle for migrating
forests
Land must be put aside for migrating forests, or
species will become extinct
Predictions for the Future: Migrating Forests
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As warming occurs, forests of North America and
Europe will move northwards
During the last ice age, forests migrated quickly
Farmland will pose as an obstacle for migrating
forests
Land must be put aside for migrating forests, or
species will become extinct
FAQs
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What are some common ways organisms adapt to
the changing seasons?
Trees and other deciduous plants lose their leaves
during the winter to conserve energy. Animals have
altered behavioral patterns, such as migration, and
hibernation. Other animals have physiological
changes, such as change in coloring.
FAQs
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What are some common threats to the temperate
deciduous forest biome?
Some of the major threats to the biome include
human development and agriculture. Logging poses
a threat to hardwood populations. Acid rain from
burning coal, as well as global warming, have a
negative impact on the biome.
FAQs
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What are some endangered species of the temperate
deciduous forest? Why are they endangered?
Some examples include the Indiana bat, Carolina northern
flying squirrel, Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Spruce-fir moss
spider, Gray wolf and many others. Factors that threaten such
species include loss of habitat, introduction of invasive species,
and loss of food sources. The Indiana Bat is of particular
concern for the Smokey Mountains National Park.
For more information:
http://www.nps.gov/grsm/
http://greatsmokymountains.areaparks.com/
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THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS
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