Transcript Ecology
Ecology Relationships between organisms Bell Ringer In your journals… Write about some of your relationships with other people in your life. Are they win-win relationships, win-lose relationships, or something else? Lesson Objectives Students will describe ecology vocabulary in a carousel exercise. Students will analyze different organism relationships and be able to distinguish one from another. Ecology The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments. http://www.answers.com/topic/ecology-1 Ecosystem All the living things in an area plus the non-living things in the surrounding environment Christopherson, RW (1996) Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography. Prentice Hall Inc. Habitat (Latin for "it inhabits”) A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular animal or plant species. E.g. a tree’s habitat is the forest that it lives in. E.g. a fish’s habitat is the lake, river or ocean that it lives in. Abercrombie, M., Hickman, C.J. and Johnson, M.L. 1966.A Dictionary of Biology. Penguin Reference Book Community In ecology, a community is an assemblage of two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area. E.g. squirrels and birds living on the same block. E.g. rainbow trout, speckled trout, seaweed and bugs living together in a lake. Population In biology, a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular species. E.g. 10 squirrels living on the same block. E.g. 100 Rainbow trout living in a lake. E.g. 18,816 people living in Plattsburgh. Niche In ecology, the relational position of a species or population in its ecosystem to each other. e.g. a dolphin will be in another ecological niche to one that travels in a different school. “How an organism makes a living”. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_niche Predator vs. Prey Video on predator, prey and competition (2:40) Predator- An organism that lives by preying on (killing and eating) other organisms. Prey- An animal hunted or caught for food. E.g. owls (predator) eat mice (prey) http://www.thefreedictionary.com/predator Predator vs. Prey Predator- Snake Prey- Mouse Mutualism Mutualism refers to the relationship of two organisms where both benefit from the association. A Win-Win relationship! Mutualism The lichen consists of a fungus and an algae growing together. The fungus gets food from the photosynthesizing algae and the algae gets a place to live. Example: Bird & Water Buffalo (0:41) http://www.members.optusnet.com.au/~janewest000/Mangrove/interactions.html Competition active demand by two or more organisms or kinds of organisms for some environmental resource in short supply http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/competition Competition Hyenas and lions compete for food. Commensalism One organism benefits, the other is unaffected. The bird eats bugs off the cow, the cow is unaffected. Parasitism relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing it. A win-lose relationship. Example of a parasite (1:21) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/443191/parasitism Parasite (example: Tapeworm) long and thin with a large surface area which enables it to absorb a lot of nutrients from its host. Doesn’t kill the host. Produces many eggs Russo, Elise (2004). The Living Environment. Coordination group publications, Inc. Five Interactions Interactions rap (2:10)