Transcript Family Etmopteridae

Family Etmopteridae
Sara McCutcheon
Order Squaliformes
• Kingdom:
Animalia
• Phylum:
Chordata
• Class:
Chondricthyes
• Order:
Squaliformes
• Family:
Etmopteridae
• Genus: 5
genera
• Species: > 50
spp.
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Dogfish Sharks
2 Dorsal fins (w or w/o spines)
No anal fin
5 Gill slits (all in front of pectoral fin
origins)
• Nostrils not connected to mouth by
grooves
• Spiracles behind and at level of eyes
• No nictitating lower eyelids
Family Etmopteridae
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• Kingdom:
Animalia
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• Phylum:
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Chordata
• Class:
•
Chondricthyes
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• Order:
Squaliformes
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• Family:
Etmopteridae •
• Genus: 5
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genera
• Species: > 50 •
spp.
Lantern Sharks
Luminous organs usually present
Small sharks (10-107cm TL)
Usually 2D > 1D
Long, grooved dorsal spines
Caudal fin w/ subterminal notch
Continental and insular slopes
Benthopelagic bathyal
Tropical to temperate
• Reproduction when known is
ovoviviparous w/ 3-20 pups
Genus Aculeola
• Kingdom:
Animalia
• Phylum:
Chordata
• Class:
Chondricthyes
• Order:
Squaliformes
• Family:
Etmopteridae
• Genus:
Aculeola
• Species: nigra
(1 sp)
• Hooktooth dogfish
• Small, hook-like teeth in both jaws
• Very small, equal size dorsal spines
• Long upper caudal lobe, lower lobe not
differentiated
• Gill openings quite large
Aculeola nigra
• Common, but
restricted to SE
Pacific
Genus Centroscyllium
• Kingdom:
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Animalia
• Phylum:
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Chordata
• Class:
Chondricthyes •
• Order:
Squaliformes •
• Family:
Etmopteridae •
• Genus:
Centroscyllium
• Species: 7
Combtooth dogfish
Teeth w/ cusps and cusplets in both jaws
Short to moderately long snout
Strongly grooved dorsal spine
2D > 1D
Centroscyllium fabricii
Centroscyllium spp.
• 6 of 7 species are very
small (<50cm TL)
• Restricted to local and
regional distributions
• Species off Japan, N
Indian Ocean, E Pacific,
SW Atlantic
• The largest C. fabricii (50100cm) antitropical
distribution in N and S
Atlantic
Genus Etmopterus
• Kingdom:
Animalia
• Phylum:
Chordata
• Class:
Chondricthyes
• Order:
Squaliformes
• Family:
Etmopteridae
• Genus:
Etmopterus
• Species: 32
• Lantern dogfish
• Often have photophores on underside
• Upper teeth with a cusp and 1 or more pairs
of cusplets
• Lower teeth blade-like
• Smallest known shark species E. carteri and
E. perryi reaches 10-20cm TL at maturity
Genus Etmopterus
• Kingdom:
Animalia
• Phylum:
Chordata
• Class:
Chondricthyes
• Order:
Squaliformes
• Family:
Etmopteridae
• Genus:
Etmopterus
• Species: 32
• Feed on macroplankton/micronekton, teleost
fish, and cephalopods
• Dietary shift between juveniles and adults
• Juveniles feed on eurybathic crustaceans
• Adults feed on teleosts and cephalopods
• Age determination based on spine bands
concluded:
– External spine bands: males 20yr, females 30yr
– Internal spine bands: males 10.5yr, females 11.5yr
– Long-lived and late maturing sharks
Etmopterus spp.
• Very small to small
sharks (<50cm TL)
• All confined to bathyal
habitats
• World-wide but with local
or regional distributions
• Tropical and temperate
waters
• NW Atlantic has 6
endemic spp.
• Fossils of Etmopterus
found in deep-water
Miocene deposits
Genus Miroscyllium
• Kingdom:
Animalia
• Phylum:
Chordata
• Class:
Chondricthyes
• Order:
Squaliformes
• Family:
Etmopteridae
• Genus:
Miroscyllium
• Species:
sheikoi (1 sp)
• Rasptooth dogfish
• Dark brown dorsally, black ventrally
• Black photomarks on caudal fin and
caudal peduncle
• Long, flat snout
• Short mouth with comb-like teeth
• Teeth with cusps and cusplets in both
jaws
Miroscyllium sheikoi
• Only known from
Japan
• 340-370m
• Apparently rare
and localized
Genus Trigonognathus
• Kingdom:
Animalia
• Phylum:
Chordata
• Class:
Chondricthyes
• Order:
Squaliformes
• Family:
Etmopteridae
• Genus:
Trigonognathus
• Species:
kabeyai (1 sp)
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Viper dogfish
“Triangle mouth”
Terminal, snake-like mouth
Huge, curved fang-like teeth
Jaw highly protrusible
Body dark brown dorsal, black ventral
Black photomarks on caudal fin and
peduncle
• Large, diagonally elongated spiracle
Trigonognathus kabeyai
• NW Pacific off Japan,
Hawaii, and Emperor
seamounts
• Upper continental
slopes, on bottom
(330-360m)
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