Transcript review 2

AP BIOLOGY
REVIEW 2
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Which of the following is TRUE of synaptic
signaling and hormonal signaling?
a. Hormonal signaling occurs in animals only.
b. Hormonal signaling is important between cells
that are at greater distances apart than in
synaptic signaling.
c. Both use neurotransmitters, but hormone
signaling is for adjacent cells in animals only.
d. Both are forms of paracrine signaling.
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Which of the following is TRUE of synaptic
signaling and hormonal signaling?
a. Hormonal signaling occurs in animals only.
b. Hormonal signaling is important between cells
that are at greater distances apart than in
synaptic signaling.
c. Both use neurotransmitters, but hormone
signaling is for adjacent cells in animals only.
d. Both are forms of paracrine signaling.
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A group of cells is assayed for DNA content
immediately following mitosis and is found to
have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per
nucleus. Those cells would have____picograms
at the end of the S phase and _____ picograms at
the end of G2.
a.
8,8
b.
8,16
c.
16,8
d.
16,16
e.
12,16
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A group of cells is assayed for DNA content
immediately following mitosis and is found to
have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per
nucleus. Those cells would have____picograms
at the end of the S phase and _____ picograms at
the end of G2.
a.
8,8
b.
8,16
c.
16,8
d.
16,16
e.
12,16
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Meiosis
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In meiosis I, _____ are separated; in meiosis
II,______ are separated.
a. homologous chromosomes; nonhomologous
chromosomes.
b. homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids
c. nonhomologous chromosomes; homologous
chromosomes
d. sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes.
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In meiosis I, _____ are separated; in meiosis
II,______ are separated.
a. homologous chromosomes; nonhomologous
chromosomes.
b. homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids
c. nonhomologous chromosomes; homologous
chromosomes
d. sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes.
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A diploid cell has three pairs of homologous
chromosomes designated J1/J2, K1/K2,
and L1/L2. Which of the following
represents a probable chromosome
compliment in a haploid cell formed by
meiosis?
a.
J1 and K1
b. J1 and J2
c.
J2, K1, and L2
d. J1, J1, K2, and K2
e.
J1, J2, K1, K2, L1, and L2
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A diploid cell has three pairs of homologous
chromosomes designated J1/J2, K1/K2,
and L1/L2. Which of the following
represents a probable chromosome
compliment in a haploid cell formed by
meiosis?
a.
J1 and K1
b. J1 and J2
c.
J2, K1, and L2
d. J1, J1, K2, and K2
e.
J1, J2, K1, K2, L1, and L2
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Comparison Mitosis & Meiosis
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Independent Assortment
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Ecology
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Terms


Punctuated equilibrium – In the fossil record,
long periods of apparent stasis (equilibrium), in
which a species undergoes little or no
morphological change, interrupted by relatively
brief periods of sudden change.
Epiphytic plant – a plant that nourishes itself
but grows on the surface of another plant for
support (often on trunks of tropic plants)
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Terms


Ecological niche – sum total of an organisms
use of biotic and abiotic resources as it “fits
into” an ecosystem
Fundamental niche – resources a population is
capable of using
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Terms cont’d


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Realized niche – resources a population
actually does use
Limiting factor - something needed for
productivity (like water, O2 or CO2 for plants)
Resource partitioning – different niches allow
similar species to coexist in community
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Terms cont’d

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Dominant species - one in community that has
the most biomass
Biomass - sum weight of all individuals in
population
Keystone species - not abundant but has control
by role not numbers i.e.. sea star pg. 1184
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Terms cont’d


Carrying capacity – maximum amount that can
live there without harming the species
Logistic growth – population growth that levels
off as population reaches carrying capacity
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Terms cont’d

K – selected population - a population living
at or near its carrying capacity
- Produces relatively few offspring that have a
good chance for survival.
- Long life, low mortality rate (death rate)
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Terms cont’d

R- selected population - a population where
densities fluctuate with little competition.
- short life span, high mortality rate ie.
dandelions
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Terms cont’d


Altruism behavior – puts the needs of the
population before itself
Kin selection – needs of family come first
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Exponential population growth


Aka Geometric population growth
Population increase under ideal conditions
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Fig. 53-10
2,000
Population size (N)
dN
= 1.0N
dt
1,500
dN
= 0.5N
dt
1,000
500
0
0
5
10
Number of generations
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Fig. 53-11
Elephant population
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
Year
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Exponential growth graph

J-shape is characteristic of populations that are
introduced into a new environment or whose
numbers have been drastically reduced by a
catastrophic event and they are now rebounding.
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Fig. 53-12
Exponential
growth
Population size (N)
2,000
dN
= 1.0N
dt
1,500
K = 1,500
Logistic growth
1,000
dN
= 1.0N
dt
1,500 – N
1,500
500
0
0
5
10
Number of generations
15
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Which of the following could cause a realized
niche to differ from a fundamental niche?
a. suitable habitat
b. food size and availability
c. temperature limitations
d. water availability
e. competition from other species.
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Which of the following could cause a realized
niche to differ from a fundamental niche?
a. suitable habitat
b. food size and availability
c. temperature limitations
d. water availability
e. competition from other species.
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Which of the following species interaction is
INCORRECTLY paired to its effects on
the density of the two interacting
populations?
a. predation – one increases, one decreases
b. parasitism – one increases, one decreases
c. commensalisms – both increase
d. mutualism – both increase
e. competition – both decrease
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Which of the following species interaction is
INCORRECTLY paired to its effects on
the density of the two interacting
populations?
a. predation – one increases, one decreases
b. parasitism – one increases, one decreases
c. commensalisms – both increase
d. mutualism – both increase
e. competition – both decrease
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DNA
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Meselson-Stahl Experiment
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The genetic code contains the specific
instructions for:
a. replicating DNA strands for reproduction
b. producing amino acids for proteins
c. directing cell division
d. determining the order of amino acids in
protein
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The genetic code contains the specific
instructions for:
a. replicating DNA strands for reproduction
b. producing amino acids for proteins
c. directing cell division
d. determining the order of amino acids in
protein
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Transcription
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Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically
undergoes substantial alteration that includes
a. excision of introns.
b. fusion into circular forms known as plasmids.
c. linkage to histone molecules.
d. union with ribosomes.
e. fusion with other newly transcribed mRNA.
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Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically
undergoes substantial alteration that includes
a. excision of introns.
b. fusion into circular forms known as plasmids.
c. linkage to histone molecules.
d. union with ribosomes.
e. fusion with other newly transcribed mRNA.
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RNA Processing
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If the arrangement of bases on DNA is
5΄ACCGAT 3΄ then a corresponding strand of
mRNA will be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
5΄ACCGAT3΄
3΄TAGCCA5΄
5΄UGGCUA3΄
3΄UGGCUA5΄
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If the arrangement of bases on DNA is
5΄ACCGAT 3΄ then a corresponding strand of
mRNA will be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
5΄ACCGAT3΄
3΄TAGCCA5΄
5΄UGGCUA3΄
3΄UGGCUA5΄
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Control of Protein Synthesis
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Which of the following best describes why the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a standard
technique used in molecular biology research?
a.
It uses inexpensive materials and produces
perfect results.
b. It can purify specific sections of a DNA
molecule.
c.
It can produce large amounts of specific DNA
sequences.
d. It can duplicate the entire human genome.
e.
It can produce large amounts of mRNA.
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Which of the following best describes why the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a standard
technique
in molecular
biology
research?
a.
It usesused
inexpensive
materials
and produces
perfect results.
b. It can purify specific sections of a DNA
molecule.
c.
It can produce large amounts of specific DNA
sequences.
d. It can duplicate the entire human genome.
e.
It can produce large amounts of mRNA.
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