Transcript Feeding Relationships

“The niche of an organism depends
not only on where it lives but also
on what it does. It may be said that
the habitat is the organism's
‘address’, and the niche is its
‘profession’, biologically speaking.”
Odum - Fundamentals of
Ecology
Habitat vs. Niche
Niche - the role a species plays in a
community (job)
-Ex: a honey bees niche (job) is to pollinate
flowers to make honey
Habitat- the place in which an
organism lives out its life (address)
-Ex: the honey lives in the bee hive,
is in the forest.
which
Survival Relationships In Ecology SYMBIOSIS
 Studies have shown that most species survive
because of the relationships they have with
other species
 The relationship in which there is a close
association between organisms of different
species is called symbiosis
Symbiotic Relationships
Biotic (LIVING) factors in an ecosystem interact in 2 major
ways
1. Symbiotic Relationships
2. Feeding Relationships
Symbiosis- two species living together
3 Types of symbiosis:
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualismbeneficial to
both species (it
is GOOD for
both)
Ex. cleaning birds
and cleaner
shrimp
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualismbeneficial to both species
Ex. lichen
Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalismone species benefits and
the other is not harmed
or helped
Ex. orchids on a tree
Epiphytes: A plant, such as a
tropical orchid or a bromeliad,
that grows on another plant
upon which it depends for
mechanical support but not for
nutrients. Also called
aerophyte, air plant.
Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalismone species benefits and
the other is neither
harmed nor helped
Ex. polar bears and
cyanobacteria
Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism- parasite-host
 One organism benefits and the
other is harmed
 The parasite attacks while the
organism is still LIVING
Ex. fleas,
ticks,tapeworm
What type of Symbiosis is pictured?
What type of Symbiosis is pictured?
What type of Symbiosis is pictured?
What type of relationship is pictured?
Autotrophs
Use energy from the sun to
make their food.
Also called Producers
Examples: Plants
Autotrophs or Producers
Heterotrophs
 Organisms that do not make their
own food
 Also called a Consumer
Consume
to live
other organisms in order
 Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Lions, Humans
Heterotrophs
Feeding Relationships
Consumer
Organisms that eat (consume) other organisms for
energy (animals)
4 types of heterotrophs/consumers:
 Herbivores
 Carnivores
 Omnivores
 Decomposers
Feeding Relationships
ConsumersHerbivores
 Eat
only plants
What is the
Niche of a
Herbivore?
Feeding Relationships
ConsumersCarnivores Eat only meat
What is the
Niche of a
Carinvore?
Feeding Relationships
ConsumerOmnivores -eat both plants and animals
Feeding Relationships
ConsumerDecomposers
Eats
dead and decaying
matter. Returns matter
to the soil.
What is the
Niche of a
Decomposer?
Scavengers
 Scavenger: Organism eats the remains of a dead
animal after another has already killed it
Predator - Prey
 PREDATION (Predator – Prey): Organisms that
hunt and kill another organism for food
As the PREY increase, so
does the PREDATOR.
When the PREY
decreases, so does the
PREDATOR.
How are PREDATION and PARASITISM
Different?
 Both relationships are GOOD for one organism and
BAD for the other
 BUT:


Predation = the harmed organism is DEAD when it is
harmed
Parasitism = the harmed organisms is ALIVE when it is
harmed