Transcript Environmental Interdependence

Environmental
Interdependence
Coexisting in an ecosystem
Plant-Herbivore Interaction
• A relationship between plants and the
animals that eat them
• Ex. A cow eating grass
• Ex. A deer eating leaves from a tree
Plant-Herbivore Interaction
Predator- Prey
•
Predator- members of a species that
capture and eat members of another species
2 types of predators
1. Carnivores
2. Omnivores
• Prey- the members of the species that are
captured and eaten
• Ex. A hawk hunting and consuming a rabbit
• Ex. Lions hunting and consuming a zebra
Predator- Prey
Competition
• A relationship in which organisms use the same resources at the
same time in the same place so they must compete with each
other for the use of the resources
Competitive Exclusion
• The extinction of one species in an area due to competition with
another species
• Ex. Two male alligators compete for territory and for females.
One male will be more dominant than the other and better able
to survive.
• Ex. Two different species of birds compete with each other for
the same nesting space, food source, and water supply. One of
the species will be more successful that the other species and
the other species will fail .
Competition
Cooperation
• A relationship within certain populations
to work together for a common goal
• Ex. Social insects, such as honeybees,
termites, and ants (they form colonies
and divide the labor)
• Ex. Wolves form a pack( they work
together to hunt and kill prey and rear
their young)
Cooperation
Symbiosis
Living together
Symbiosis
•
Relationships in which two organisms
of different species live together very
closely
3 types
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
Mutualism
• Two different species both benefits
from their relationship with each other
• Ex. Flowering plants and pollinators (the
flowers provide the insects with nectar
and pollen. In turn, the insect go from
flower to flower and help pollinate the
plants)
Mutualism
Commensalism
• Relationship in which one species
benefits and the other species in
neither helped nor harmed
• Ex. Barnacles and whales (The
barnacles benefit by attaching to the
whale and as the whale moves the
barnacles can filter feed. The whale
is unaffected)
Commensalism
Parasitism
• Relationship in which one organism
benefits at the expense of the other
organism
• Parasite- live in or on another organism
• Host- the organism that is being
weakened by the parasite
• Ex. Roundworms and dogs (dogs=host,
roundworm=parasite)
Parasitism
Group Activity
What’s the Relationship?
Each person in the group needs one (1)
sheet of paper and something to write with.
Number your paper from1-25.
Each group will have 12 minutes to read an
example of a relationship and identify the
type of relationship.
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Predator/Prey
Cooperation
Competition
Plant/Herbivore
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
#1
• What’s the relationship? A wasp lays its
eggs on a caterpillar. When the wasp eggs
hatch, the larva will eat the caterpillar and
kill it.
#2
• What’s the relationship? Barnacles create
home sites by attaching themselves to
whales.
#3
• What’s the relationship? Heartworms
develop inside a dog’s heart. The worms
cause health problems and may result in
death.
#4
• What’s the relationship? Ostriches and
gazelles feed next to each other. They
both watch for predators and alert each
other to danger. Because the visual
abilities of the two species are different,
they can identify threats that the other
animal would not see as readily.
#5
• What’s the relationship? A flea feeds on a
mouse’s blood and harms the mouse.
#6
• What’s the relationship? Cow eating grass
#7
• What’s the relationship? Yucca flowers are
pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay
their eggs in the flowers where the larvae
hatch and eat some of the developing
seeds.
#8
• What’s the relationship? Dolphins work
together to herd herring into a bait ball.
The dolphins then take turns eating from
the ball.
#9
• What’s the relationship? A cuckoo may lay
its eggs in a warbler’s nest. The cuckoo’s
young will knock the warbler’s eggs out of
a nest and the warbler will raise the
cuckoo’s young.
#10
• What’s the relationship? Hermit crabs live
in shells made and then abandoned by
snails.
#11
• What’s the relationship? A giraffe eating
leaves on a tree
#12
• What’s the relationship? E. Coli is a
bacteria that lives in the gut of humans.
The human provides the ideal habitat for e
coli reproduction and the e coli provides
the extra vitamin K that we use.
#13
• What’s the relationship? A lion stalks, kill,
and eats an antelope
#14
• What’s the relationship? Mistletoe extracts
water and nutrients from a spruce tree.
The spruce tree is harmed.
#15
• What’s the relationship? Termites live in
colonies. A king and queen produce
young. Workers gather food.
#16
• What’s the relationship? Zebra mussels
and MS River mussels eat the same types
of food and live in the same habitat. When
zebra mussels are introduced to the
habitat, MS river mussels decline.
#17
• What’s the relationship? Sparrow will
build its nest under the nest of an osprey.
The smaller birds get protection because
other predators will not mess with the
osprey.
#18
• What’s the relationship? an eagle captures
and eats a fish from a local pond.
#19
• What’s the relationship? A wasp lays its
eggs on a caterpillar. When the wasp eggs
hatch, the larva will eat the caterpillar and
kill it.
#20
• What’s the relationship? an oak tree grows
beside a pine tree. Eventually, the oak tree
overshadows the pine tree, and the pine
tree dies.
#21
• What’s the relationship? Oxpeckers feed
on the ticks found on a rhinoceros. The
oxpeckers get a meal and the rhinoceros
is helped by the removal of the ticks.
#22
• What’s the relationship? Honey guide
birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives.
The badgers then expose the hives and
feed on the honey first. Next the honey
guide birds eat.
#23
• What’s the relationship? As bison walk
through grass, insects become active and
are seen and eaten by cowbirds.
#24
• What’s the relationship? Two male lions
fighting over territory.
#25
• What’s the relationship? A caterpillar
eating a maple leaf