Transcript Home range - phylodiversity.net

Home range
Alonso Bussalleu
• What is home range? How is it defined?
• Data collection and analysis: Models, methods
and tools
• What can we learn from home range studies?
• (...) it may be here remarked that most
animals and plants keep to their proper
homes, and do not needlessly wander about;
we see this even with migratory birds, which
almost always return to the same spot.
(Darwin 1861)
Definition
• Home range: spatial extend of individualenvironment interactions
• estimated only by the presence of the
individual (locations in time)
• Restriction of animal movements due to
survival and reproduction
• Dynamic process  impact on individual and
environment
constrains
• Scale has an important role
• might be affected by seasonality,
environmental conditions (biotic and abiotic),
species identity and individual characteristics
(age, gender, experience)
Models, Methods and tools
• Models: predict
movements
• analytical modeling
approach :Random walks
• individual-based
modeling approach :
optimal foraging
• statistical modeling
approach : behavioral
ecology and natural
history
• Methods: analyze data
• minimum convex polygon
(MCP) home range
estimation
• kernel density estimation
(KDE)
Falabella, V., Campagna, C., and Croxall, J. (Eds). 2009. Atlas of the Patagonian
Sea. Species and Spaces. Buenos Aires, Wildlife Conservation Society and
BirdLife International. http://www.atlas-marpatagonico.org
• http://atlasmarpatagonico.org/species/22/all-species.htm
• WCS sea and sky database
• 283600 localizations, 16 species, 1326
migratory or foraging trips
• Different colonies
• Small number of individuals
• 50%, 75% and 95% density distributions
Tools
• Telemetry (VHF-radio
signal)
• GPS
• Camera traps
• Capture recapture
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Things to consider:
Costs
# locations
# individuals
Lifespan (battery and
memory)
• Precision
• Remote recording vs
triangulation
• Species
Ocelot home range, overlap and density: comparing radio
telemetry with camera trapping
A. Dillon & M. J. Kelly
Journal of Zoology 275 (2008) 391–398
• Simultaneous use of camera trapping surveys and
radio telemetry tracking of ocelots in Chiquibul
Forest Reserve and National Park
(CFRNP,1670km2) Belize
• 5 surveys, 7-17 camera stations at a variable
systematic spacing of 510–2922m for 238–1513
available trap nights (2002-2004) 22 ocelot
captures of nine individuals
• five radiocollared ocelots (two male, three
female). 686 locations
Implications
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distribution and abundance of organisms
population regulation and genetics
habitat use and selection
community structure and dynamics
infection spread
conservation
Masello et al 2010
Home Range, Time, and Body Size in Mammals
Stan L. Lindstedt, Brian J. Miller, Steven W. Buskirk
Ecology, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 1986), pp. 413-418
Female tiger Panthera tigris home range size in the
Bangladesh Sundarbans: the value of this mangrove
ecosystem for the species’ conservation
• Tracked 2 females for 2.5(1528 loations) and
5.5 months (679 locations)
• Estimate home range size (MCP and using gps
collars  mean home range size = 14.2 km
• Estimate tiger density  7 adult females in
100 km2
• Good tiger quality environment  mangrove
productivity
Using Satellite Telemetry to Define Spatial Population Structure in Polar Bears
in the Norwegian and Western Russian Arctic
Mette Mauritzen, Andrew E. Derocher, Øystein Wiig, Stanislav E. Belikov,
AndreiN. Boltunov, Edmond Hansen, Gerald W. Garner
Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Feb., 2002), pp. 79-90
• Spatial population structure: habitat types and
use patterns
• Genetic structure vs migration patterns of polar
bears between Norway and Russia  local
habitat dynamics
• Analysis of positions from satellite transmitters
deployed on 105 female polar bears over a 12year period in the Russian and Norwegian Arctic
• 95% MCP individual HR, Kernel populations
• Polar bear home-range sizes ranged from 201
km2 to 964 264 km2
• no sharp population boundaries between
Svalbard and the Barents and Kara Seas 
management units
• Offshore diplomacy, or how seabirds mitigate intraspecific competition: a case study based on GPS
tracking of Cape gannets from neighbouring colonies
(Gremillet at al. 2004) habitat partitioning
• How landscape dynamics link individual to
population-level movement patterns: a multispecies
comparison of ungulate relocation data (Mueller et
al. 2011) landscape dynamics between different
species of ungulates
• Tracking apex marine predator movements in a
dynamic ocean (Block et al. 2011)  management of
large marine ecosystems