Transcript Symbiosis & Food Chains

SYMBIOSIS & FOOD CHAINS
Unit 5 - Ecology
Introduction


Relationships exist in
order for one or both
organisms to get food
(energy).
Sunlight is the main
source of energy on
Earth.
Food Chains/Food Webs
Section 1
Feeding Style
Autotrophs

Producers
 Produce their own
food; get energy
from sunlight
Heterotrophs

Consumers
 acquire energy
from other
organisms.
Types of Consumers
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Herbivores
 eat plants (cows)
Carnivores
 eat animals (snakes)
Omnivores
 eat plants & animals
(humans)


Detritivores
 eat plant/animal
remains & other dead
matter. (vultures,
earthworms,
maggots…)
Decomposer
 feed on
decaying/dead
matter; return organic
compunds back to
soil. (fungus &
bacteria)
Detritivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Herbivore
Decomposer
Food Chains/Webs
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Energy (food) is passed
from organism to
organism through food
chains and food webs.
Food Chain
 a series of steps in
which organism
transfer energy by
eating & being eaten.
Food Web
 links all the food chains
in a ecosystem
together.
Trophic Levels

Trophic Level – each
step in a food chain or
food web.
 1st trophic level is
always a producer
(autotroph)
 Plants, algae,
plankton
 2nd trophic levels and
up are consumers.
(heterotroph)
Trophic Levels
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A primary consumer is the first
consumer of a food chain
(consumes the producer)
 second trophic level (the
producer is always the first)
A secondary consumer is the
second consumer of a food
chain (consumes the primary
consumer)
 third trophic level.
A tertiary consumer is the third
consumer of a food chain
(consumes the secondary
consumer)
 Fourth trophic level.
Relationships
Section 2
Relationships

I.) Symbiosis
 2 or more species
live together in a
close, long-term
association.

II.) Predation
 one organism feeds
on another; one
benefits and one is
hurt (may or may
not be kill)
Symbiosis

Mutualism: both
organisms benefit
 Ex. Shark & remora/
herd animals &
birds/goby fish &
shrimp
 +, +
Symbiosis
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Commensalism: one
organism benefits and
the other is neither
harmed nor helped.
 Ex. Sea anemone &
tropical fish
 +,O
Symbiosis
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Parasitism: one
organism feeds on &
usually lives on or in
another organism.
 Ex. Ticks, mosquitoes,
tapeworm,
heartworm,
 +, -
Predation

II.) Predation: one
organism feeds on
another; one benefits
and one is hurt (may
or may not be kill)
 Ex. Snakes –
predator / mice
prey