Transcript Slide 1

Developing legal and
institutional frameworks
for invasive alien species
Module 4:
responding to
biological invasions
what this module covers
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what decision-makers need
to know about invasive
species
1.
policy context for response
measures
Module 1
2.
early detection and rapid
response
Module 2 effective national frameworks
3.
eradication, control and
mitigation
Module 3
4.
strengthening the legal basis
for response measures
Module 4
5.
addressing conflicts of
interest
Module 5
getting results: compliance,
enforcement and liability
6.
incentives for control and
restoration
Module 6
legal frameworks for
cooperation beyond borders
laying the foundations for
responding to biological invasions
preventing
biological invasions
responding
to biological invasions
policy context for
response measures
if prevention has failed,
management options for IAS
(endorsed by CBD Guiding
Principles) are:
• early detection and rapid
response
• eradication
• control and mitigation
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responding to biological invasions
early detection and
rapid response
aim: to prevent the establishment and/or spread of introduced
species, so as to prevent it from developing into a full blown
biological invasion
regional collaboration and co-operation is particularly
important for effective early detection and response
Early
Detection &
Reporting
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Rapid
Assessment
responding to biological invasions
Rapid
Response
early detection and
reporting
site-specific surveys focused on:
•high-risk areas close to entry points
(e.g. airports, harbours, military bases);
•high-risk pathways (e.g. adjacent to
aquaculture or horticulture facilities);
•high-value areas (e.g. protected areas
or commercial forests)
public awareness campaigns for major
risks, especially to provide information
on spread of a newly-arrived species
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responding to biological invasions
http://100thmeridian.org/
contingency planning
for rapid response
legal frameworks to provide a
formal basis for action
clearly defined institutional roles
and responsibilities are critical
avoid confusion about which
agency leads (e.g. where newlydiscovered species has multiple
impacts across different sectors)
equipment and action plans
ready in advance
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responding to biological invasions
legal powers to support
rapid response
specific measures that should be
available to competent authorities:
•authority to inspect and confiscate
•powers to disinfect equipment and
destroy infested material
•authority to direct chemical or other
control of invasive organisms and to
close contaminated areas and declare
quarantine zones
•authority to prohibit transfer of living
material from contaminated to clean
areas
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responding to biological invasions
eradication, control and mitigation
management strategies for established IAS populations
to be based on the following sequence (CBD Guiding
Principles):
• eradication = complete elimination of targeted IAS
population
• control = IAS in lower numbers or densities or
contained in certain areas
• mitigation = reduce the severity of IAS impacts
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responding to biological invasions
control techniques
four main types of IAS control: risk assessment/EIA
necessary for potentially damaging techniques
• mechanical
• chemical
• biological control (see international Code of
conduct for the import and release of exotic
biological control agents)
• integrated control involving two or three techniques
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responding to biological invasions
mechanical control
clearing, cutting, catching,
trapping – by hand/with tools
and traps/sometimes with
sophisticated machinery
highly specific, little non-target
impact but often not
sustainable (e.g. – plants with
significant seed banks) or
difficult to achieve objectives
(e.g. hunting vertebrates)
mechanical clearance of
Lantana
camara by hand
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highly labour-intensive
responding to biological invasions
chemical control
– often very effective short-term solution
– but high costs, non-target effects, evolving resistance
– e.g. bait stations against vertebrates
biological control
–
–
–
–
–
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highly cost-effective
permanent
self-sustaining
ecologically safe due to high specificity
aim is to suppress the population below an acceptable level - host
and agent in a dynamic balance
responding to biological invasions
but all control has costs
mechanical clearing and burning of Mimosa pigra on
the Kafue Floodplain
40 field workers worked for 17 weeks to clear 31 ha of
mimosa for a total cost of $34,250 – invasion is 30,000 ha
Photos by Griffin Shanungu, Pilot site coordinator, Barriers project, Zambia
response measures –
legal considerations
– how to tackle deeply-rooted
legal obstacles to eradication
and control measures
– how to develop or strengthen
institutional capacity and coordination
– how to design and plan for
short and long-term
responses
– obligations and incentives for
to IAS control and mitigation
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responding to biological invasions
tackling legal obstacles to
eradication and control
– legal status of IAS incompatible with control measures?
• Solution: Alien species to have legal status compatible with
eradication and control measures should they become
invasive
– insufficient authority to undertake control measures?
• Solution: Appropriate powers conferred upon agencies and
individuals for short- and long- term IAS control (NB
specifically consider legal position regarding access to private
land)
– consultation with responsible agencies and stakeholders
essential to ensure long-term effectiveness
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responding to biological invasions
necessary measures may
include:
– prohibitions on further intentional and negligent releases of IAS
into the natural environment
– powers for authorities to regulate the containment, possession,
domestic transport and trade in IAS
– notification requirement for all land owners and occupiers to inform
authorities of the presence of IAS – may go further and mandate
land owners to clear plants (e.g. South Africa)
– authority for competent officials to notify, cooperate and consult
with neighbouring countries on possible invasions and harmonised
programmes for eradication and control
– authority for officials to use cost-recovery mechanisms or other
revenues to finance eradication, control and mitigation programs
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responding to biological invasions
addressing conflicts of interest
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•
at government level
•
in the community
•
with the private sector
•
with animal welfare
groups
responding to biological invasions
incentives for control and
restoration
legal frameworks should
combine regulatory and
voluntary measures for IAS
control
•local community involvement is important
•incentives may include economic benefits
•care not to create ‘perverse incentives’
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responding to biological invasions
restoration of
native biodiversity
legal frameworks may include
positive measures to conserve and
enhance native biodiversity, in line
with the ecosystem approach :
measures to re-introduce or reestablish populations of native
species formerly present
measures to restore native
habitats and ecosystems that
have been degraded as a result
of invasion
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Rodríguez Luengo/García Casanova,
Gobierno de Canarias
responding to biological invasions
example of incentives for control
Working for Water Programme
(www.dwaf.gov.za/wfw/)
Programme for sustainable management
and control of invasive species:
Benefits for biodiversity, water security, reduction of fire
and flood impacts, and productive potential of land
Value Added Industries Programme aims to:
- create jobs (harvesting/processing plant material);
- reduce net cost of clearing;
AND
- develop down-stream industries (independent or
public-private partnerships
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responding to biological invasions
thank you
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responding to biological invasions