Transcript Document

Monday
(February 14, 2011)
Today’s Agenda:
1. Journal Question : What does the term
“biodiversity” refer to?
*2. Brief Lecture: Biodiversity & Taxonomy
(Up to Slide 28)
-Biotechnology Lecture on Wednesday
-New Seating Chart on Wednesday
3. Film: Darwin Biography
(List 10 facts about Darwin)
4. Homework: Buy a new composition
book if you need it.
a. Read Chapter 18 pages 337 – 350
b. Complete “What is classification?”
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- in your unit packet
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Lecture I:
Biodiversity &
Taxonomy
By Dr. Rick Woodward
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Biodiversity & Evolution
Dr. Rick Woodward
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California State Biology
Content Standards
*A. Students know biodiversity is the sum total
of different kinds of organisms and is
affected by alterations of habitats.
B. Students know how to analyze changes in
an ecosystem resulting from changes in
climate, human activity, introduction of
nonnative species, or changes in population
size.
C. Students know how fluctuations in
population size in an ecosystem are
determined by the relative rates of birth,
immigration, emigration, and death.
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California State Biology
Content Standards
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Evolution is the result of genetic changes that
occur in constantly changing environments.
D. Students know how natural selection
determines the differential survival groups
of organisms.
E. Students know a great diversity of
species increases the chance that at
least some organisms survive major
changes in the environment.
F. Students know how to analyze fossil
evidence with regard to biological
diversity, episodic speciation, and mass
extinction.
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Biodiversity
A. The rapidly growing human population,
together with increasing consumption, is
accelerating the conversion of forests,
grasslands, and wetlands to agriculture and
urban (housing) development.
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Biodiversity
B. The inevitable result is the
loss of most of the wild plants
and animals that occupy those
natural habitats.
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Survival of the fittest:
Evolution & Biodiversity
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Biodiversity Definition:
A. The number and variety of
organisms in a specific area.
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Taxonomy
Identifying & naming
of organisms
Carolus Linneus
Robert Whittaker
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Taxonomy
A. To classify means to organize things
into groups.
B. The groups are based on the ways in
which things are similar.
C. The science of classifying living things is
called Taxonomy.
D. Aristotle began his system of taxonomy
by dividing organisms into two large
kingdoms (Plants & Animals)
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Scientific Naming
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A. Organisms can have several
common or popular names.
(Lion Fish, Angler Fish, Blue
Tang)
B. It might be hard to identify an
organism if it has several
names.
C. To avoid this problem,
scientists use a system that
gives all organisms a
scientific name.
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Scientific Naming
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D. For example, the
scientific name for lion
is Panthera leo.
E. Panthera is the genus
name for large cats, and
the lions belong to the
species leo.
F. The language for
naming organisms is
called binomial
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nomenclature.
Scientific Naming
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
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The system for giving organisms a
scientific name was first developed
by Carolus Linnaeus.
His two-word naming system is
called binomial nomenclature.
The first part of the name is the
genus; it is always capitalized.
The last part of the name is the
species; it starts with a smaller
letter.
Recall the example: Panthera leo
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Carolus Linnaeus
1700’s
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Botanist
Plantae
Animalia
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Classifying Organisms: Human
Kingdom
Animalia
Chordata
Phylum
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primates
Hominidae
Family
Homo
Genus
sapiens
Species
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Mnemonic
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King
Philip
Came
Over
For
Great
Spaghetti
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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Binomial Nomenclature
A. Why was binomial nomenclature
developed?
Developed so that scientists
writing and speaking different
languages could still communicate
with each other.
a. Latin Language
b. Homo sapiens
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Binomial Nomenclature
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A. Provided by Linnaeus.
B. The naming of organisms (usually
after they have been placed into
“groups” or taxons).
C. Successful since:
(1) Each species has a unique name.
(2) Shows species are closely related
e.g. Panethera leo and Panthera
tigris.
D. Usually in Latin since:
(1) Original scientific language.
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(2) Universally accepted.
Taxonomy
A. Taxonomy is the
science of classifying
organisms into
categories.
B. The categories are
known as taxa.
C. These categories are
arranged from most
specific to general.
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Taxonomy
D. The most specific classification into
which an organism is placed is called
the species.
E. The next category of classification is
the genus of the organism.
F. Next, in degree of generality, is the
family, followed by the order.
G. The next level of generality is the
class, followed by the phylum.
H. The final, and most general
category into which the organism is
classified is called the kingdom.
For example, humans are classified
in the kingdom Animalia
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Taxonomy
I. The first word, a Latin noun, names
the genus of the organism.
J. The second word, a Latin adjective
describes some specific
characteristics of the organism.
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Robert Whittaker
1960’s : The Five Kingdoms
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
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Protista
Monera
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Kingdom Fungi
Fungus:
Mushrooms
Penicillum
- Antibiotic
Fly Agaric
Mushroom
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Kingdom: Protista
Algae:
Green
algae
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Protozoans:
amoeba engulfing
a paramecium
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Kingdom: Monera
Bacteria
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Five Kingdom’s: Be able to match the
kingdom with the appropriate example.
1. Plantae
2. Animalia
3. Fungi
a. Mushrooms
4. Protista
a. Amoeba
b. Algae
c. Paramecium
5. Monera
a. Bacteria
*6. Archaebacteria
a. Unicellular Prokaryotes; waste products 
Methane gas
*7. Eubacteria
a. Bacteria that cause tooth decay.
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Darwin’s Biography
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List 10 facts in your composition
book on today’s film.
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