Transcript CLADOGRAMS

CHAPTER 18 SECTION 2
THE STUDENT WILL USE A
PHYLOGENETIC TREETO IDENTIFY THE
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS
AMONG DIFFERENT GROUPS OF
ORGANISMS
 dfn: discipline
of classifying organisms &
assigning each organism a universally
accepted name
 taxon: group
or level of organization into
which organisms are classified
 ex:
Genus Homo is a taxon in the
classification of humans
 each
species is assigned a 2 word scientific
name:
 consists of the Genus & species
 Genus name is capitalized
 species name is not capitalized
 both in italics
 Ex:
Homo sapiens
 Linneaus’s
hiearchical system based on
physical similarities
 now, organisms grouped into categories that
represent lines of evolutionary descent or,
phylogeny
 evolutionary
classification: strategy of
grouping organisms together based on their
evolutionary history
 Most
biologist now use a method called
Cladistic Analysis
 method uses only those characteristics that
are evolutionary innovations
 Derived Characters: present in recent parts of
a lineage but not in its older members
• Use them to construct cladogram
Notebook
page 129
Book: page453
Construct cladogram using
information given