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National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Protected Resources Division Southwest Region Federal Recovery Planning North Central California Coast coho salmon parr Oncorhynchus kisutch 10 Populations: Four Recovery Domains Southern Oregon/ Northern California Coordinator: Greg Bryant Central Valley Coordinator: Diane Windham South Central Coast Coordinator: Mark Capelli North Central Coast Coordinator: Charlotte Ambrose Each Domain Assigned: 1 or More Populations Science Center led TRT Recovery Coordinator RECOVERY PLAN FOR THE EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNIT OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST COHO SALMON INTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT Version: MARCH 31, 2008 Southwest Regional Office National Marine Fisheries Service Santa Rosa, CA Salmonid Recovery: The Road Map ESA, Case Law & Policies ESA §4(f)(1) – …[NMFS] shall develop and implement plans for the conservation and survival of endangered species and threatened species… – …in developing and implementing recovery plans [NMFS] shall, to the maximum extent practicable – – Give priority to...species… most likely to benefit from such plans, particularly those species that are, or may be, in conflict with construction or other development projects or other forms of economic activity… Salmonid Recovery: The Road Map ESA, Case Law & Policies • Management actions must be site specific wherever feasible • Actions and criteria must link to identified threats including changes in threats since listing and be organized by the 5 listing factors of Federal Register Notice listing the species • Criteria must measure whether threats have been abated and address delisting not just downlisting. • Fund for Animals v. Babbitt (1995) • SWCBD v. Babbitt (1999) • Defenders of Wildlife v. Babbit (2001) • Southwest Center for Biological Diversity v. Babbit (1999) • Cannot promise to “develop criteria later” or use “future research” as means to not address threats Salmonid Recovery: The Road Map ESA, Case Law & Policies A Few Examples: • House Resources Committee Report on Recovery Plan Development (2006) • NMFS Endangered and Threatened Species Interim Recovery Planning Guidance (Oct 2004 revised 2006) http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/recovery/ • USFWS/NMFS Interagency Cooperative Policy for Peer Review in Endangered Species Activities (1994) • Interagency Cooperative Policy on Information Standards under the ESA (1994) • Interagency Cooperative Policy on Recovery Plan Implementation under the ESA (1994) Recovery Plan Foundation Population Structure/Viability (Science Center Technical Recovery Team) Historical Structure An Analysis of Historical Population Structure for ESUs (Bjorkstedt, et al. 2005) Finalized Oct 2005 Amended 2007 Biological Viability Criteria A Framework for Assessing the Viability of Threatened and Endangered Salmon and Steelhead in the NCCC Domain (Spence et al. 2007) June 2007 Draft ~ Final Expected in April Research & Monitoring Recommendations Final Expected in April Historical Population Structure Petrolia Central California Coast Coho Salmon Evolutionarily Significant Unit Coho Focus Populations Mattole River Cottaneva Creek Dos Rios Ten Mile River Pudding Creek Fort Bragg Noyo River Caspar Creek Big River Albion River Big Salmon Creek Navarro River Populations Assigned Into Diversity Strata City River State Highway Ukiah US Highway Coho Diversity Strata Garcia River Lost Coast Navarro Point-Gualala Point Gualala Gualala River Coastal Gualala Point San Francisco Bay Sacramento Independent vs Dependent Santa Cruz Mountains Jenner Santa Rosa Russian River 101 1 Independent: Focus of Recovery Plan Napa Walker Creek Pac if ic Lagunitas Creek Napa River San Rafael Oce an Walnut Creek Pine Gulch Redwood Creek San Francisco CCC coho salmon analysis will include dependent populations Hayward Half Moon Bay Area of Detail C River San Guadalupe Jose Pescadero Creek al if or Gazos Creek ni a 0 37.5 Miles Waddell Creek Scott Creek Santa Cruz San Vicente Creek San Lorenzo River Aptos Creek Petrolia Marine Recovery Mattole River Central California Coast Coho Salmon Historical Population Structure Dos Rios Ten Mile River Fort Bragg Big River Ukiah Navarro River Coho Salmon Garcia River City River Gualala Gualala River State Highway US HighwaySacramento CCC Coho Historical Extent Jenner Russian River Steelhead Santa Rosa 101 1 Napa Lagunitas Creek Pac if ic Napa River San Rafael Oce an Walnut Creek San Francisco Hayward Chinook Salmon Half Moon Bay Area of Detail C River San Guadalupe Jose Pescadero Creek al if or ni a Santa Cruz 0 25 Miles San Lorenzo River Aptos Creek NMFS Science Center: Population Viability Criteria Viability Criteria for Populations IN DRAFT • Minimum Threshold of Potential Habitat Available (IP km) • Spawner Density • Annual Run Size • Effective Population Size • Total Population Size • Population Decline • Catastrophe • Hatchery Influence 139 Total Populations & The Marine Environment Objectively narrowing the universe and prioritizing populations… The Nature Conservancy Protocol: CAP… Not Just a Threats Assessment ~ Current Population/Habitat Conditions (HAB8 & Others) ~ Populations/Habitat Threats (State, local, stakeholder, public data) ~ Feasibility/Benefit/Cost of Threat Abatement (TNC protocol) ~ Strategies for poor conditions & high threats (TNC protocol) ~ Analyze across populations, Diversity Strata & ESU/DPS (PVC & RT) NCCC Recovery Planning CURRENT CONDITIONS FUTURE THREATS Inform Improve Reduce STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS Example CAP Viability Table… Assessment of Target Viability CCC Coho ESU Independent Populations Entry assistance ON Conservation Target Enter # of Target 4 4 4 4 Category Key Attribute Summer Rearing Condition Summer Rearing Condition Pool habitat area/ frequency/ availability Pool habitat complexity Summer Rearing Summer Rearing Condition Condition Pool habitat quality Summer water temperature Bold = Current Indicator Poor Pool habitat (% by length) across all IP-km (gradient < 5%) Average shelter rating of 100 or greater for pools in the watershed. <35 % % of pools that are > 3 ft (at deepest point) across all IPkm [all primary pools in potential rearing habitat] <50 MWAT in all potential summer rearing habitat (IPkm) >17 Indicator Ratings Fair 35-40 % Good 40-50 % Italics = Desired Very Good Current Rating >50 Poor 0-25% of all pools in watershed have >100 rating 25-50% of all pools in watershed have >100 rating 50-80 50-75% of all pools in watershed have >100 rating >75% 80-100 100% Fair Poor 15-17 CURRENT CONDITIONS BY LIFE STAGE <15 <14 Fair Data Limitations Structured Decision Process – Expert panel to rate flow conditions – Decision matrix for toxicity – A posteriori ratings for others once distribution of data can be observed NCCC Recovery Planning CURRENT CONDITIONS FUTURE THREATS Inform Improve Reduce STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS Rank Overall Threat Levels by Life Stage Identify Highest Priorities for Strategy Development Life Stages Roads & Railroads Summer Rearing Winter Rearing Smolts Mulitiple Life Stages Overall Threat Rank Threats Spawners Egg Emergent Fry Medium High High High High Medium High High Medium High High Very High Wood Harvesting Low Medium Medium Very High Storms & Flooding Medium Medium High High High Medium . Medium Droughts Low Medium Medium High Medium Medium Low High Effluents Low Medium Medium Medium Low Low Low Low Top Ranked Threats for CCC coho salmon 1. Roads and Railroads 2. Droughts 3. Logging and Wood Harvesting 4. Channel Modification 5. Water Diversion and Impoundment 6.Climate Change 7. Agricultural Practices 8. Residential and Commercial Development 9. Disease, Predation, and Competition Additional Threats Evaluated Freshwater • Fire and Fuel Management • Fishing and Collecting • Hatcheries & Aquaculture • Livestock farming and ranching • Mining • Recreational Areas and Activities • Storms and Flooding Marine • Reduced genetic variability • Commercial and Recreational Bycatch NCCC Recovery Planning CURRENT CONDITIONS FUTURE THREATS Inform Improve Reduce STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS Strategies for Recovery For Example: Our analysis ranks Climate Change as a high or very high threat particularly in the southern ESU and the marine environment To address this threat: • protect cool water refugia • prevent lost or conversion of forest lands • manage forests for older stages • operate existing reservoirs to maintain cool flows • fund and implement coordinated coast-wide monitoring • develop partnerships for implementation Strategic Partnerships State Agencies California Department of Fish and Game Water Quality Control Board California Department of Forestry ~ Jackson Demonstration State Forest Scientists Southwest Fisheries Science Center TNC Facilitated Scientific Review Workshop Flow Panel Workshop Collaboration with UC Berkeley, Lawrence Lab & Microsoft NGO’s The Nature Conservancy Sonoma Ecology Center Stakeholders Water Agencies Timber Companies Consultants Santa Rosa Office: PRD, HCD, RC North Central California Coast Domain Strategy for Completion CCC Coho Salmon Internal Draft In Internal Review April 2008 Moving Forward Single Species plan for coho, MultiSpecies for other species Sequence: CCC coho salmon, CCC steelhead, CC Chinook, NC steelhead (2009)