Transcript Jeopardy

Jeopardy
Population Water Quality Succession/
Food Chains size
Symbiosis
Population
Growth
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$100 Question: Food Chains
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food
are called________? Organisms, such as animals, that
cannot make their own food are called _________?
a. autotrophs, heterotrophs.
b. heterotrophs, autotrophs.
c. producers, decomposers.
d. decomposers, consumers.
$100 Answer: Food Chains
a. Autotrophs, heterotrophs.
$200 Question: Food Chains
Rank the following in order from largest
to smallest: Organism; ecosystem;
community; biome; biosphere;
population.
$200 Answer: Food Chains
Organism, population, community,
ecosystem, biome, biosphere.
$300 Question: Food Chains
Put the following into a food chain:
Deer, wildflower, fungus, vulture.
Which of these are heterotrophs?
Autotrophs? Producers? Consumers?
Decomposers?
$300 Answer: Food Chains
Wildflower --> deer --> vulture
Fungus
Producer/autotroph: wildflower
Consumer/heterotroph: deer, vulture
Decomposer/heterotroph: fungus
$400 Question: Food Chains
Which level of an ecosystem would
likely have the highest levels of
accumulated toxins: producers, primary
consumers, secondary consumers or
tertiary consumers? Explain your answer!
$400 Answer: Food Chains
Third level or tertiary consumers; these
organisms are more likely to have
accumulated biotoxins because they eat
higher on the food chain – therefore what
they eat has accumulted trace toxins from
the producers and primary consumers,
concentrating these toxins in tertriary
consumers.
$500 Question: Food Chains
Explain how the 10 percent rule limits
population sizes in an ecosystem. Explain
how the 10 percent rule contributes to
bioaccumulation in ecosystems.
$500 Answer: Food Chains
The 10 percent rule limits population sizes in an
ecosystem, since only about 10 percent of energy is
transferred between trophic levels. (The rest of the energy
is lost as waste/heat.) Since only 10 percent of energy is
transferred, each trophic level has about 1/10th the
population size of the previous level.
Since organisms higher on the food chain have to eat a
large number of prey (that have eaten large numbers of
prey, etc.) toxins tend to accumulate at higher trophic
levels.
$100 Question: Population Size
What is sampling?
$100 Answer: Population Size
Sampling is estimating a population’s
size by counting a number of organisms
in a given area, then using that number
to estimate the total number of organisms.
$200 Question: Population Size
You need to estimate the number of oak trees in
Rock Creek Park. Which of the following
methods would NOT work?
A. Sampling
B. Census
C. Mark and release.
$200 Answer: Population Size
C. Mark and release.
$300 Question: Population Size
Describe the effect that an increased number of moose would have
on the number of songbirds in the following food web:
Hawks
PRIMARY
Coyotes Songbirds
Moose Elk
Willows
Deer
Beaver Insects Rabbit
Grasses
Aspen
$300 Answer: Population Size
Moose eat willows, which serve as food for insects. More
moose means fewer willows, fewer insects and fewer
songbirds. Songbirds also use willows as nesting sites, so
decreasing the number of willows also will directly effect the
songbird populations.
$400 Question: Population Size
In the graph below, what can we conclude about the influence of the
predator population on the prey population? About the influence of the
prey population on predator population?
$400 Answer: Population Size
The prey population decreases as the
predator population increases and
vice versa. Both populations help
regulate each other, since the number
of predators decreases based on
decrease in prey, and the prey will
increase as a result, thereby
increasing the predator population.
$500 Question: Population Size
You are tasked with counting the number of
people in the D.C. metropolitan area.
Describe TWO methods you could use to
do this and the benefits and drawbacks of
each.
$500 Answer: Population Size
Census and sampling. The census could be difficult
because of frequent immigration to and emigration from
the region. In addition, there may be certain populations
(those without fixed addresses, illegal immigrants) who
cannot be counted easily. The benefit is that you would
theoretically count everyone. Sampling could be
difficult because of variable population densities and the
same reasons as above. The benefit is that it would take
less time and be less expensive than taking a census.
$100 Question: Water Quality
What are nitrates and phosphates?
$100 Answer: Water Quality
Nutrients from fertilizers that can run-off
into local bodies of water and contribute to
nutrient pollution and dead zones.
$200 Question: Water Quality
What is a source of dissolved oxygen in
water?
a. Photosynthesis
b. Respiration
c. Transpiration
d. Turbulence
e. Both A and D.
$200 Answer: Water Quality
D. Both turbulence and
Photosynthesis.
$300 Question: Water Quality
What are impervious surfaces? How do
impervious surfaces connect to human
populations and land use? To nonpoint
pollution?
$300 Answer: Water Quality
Impervious surfaces are surfaces that
cannot absorb rainwater. Areas with high
population tend to be highly developed and
have a higher percentage of impervious
surfaces (paved sidewalks and roads,
roofs). Runoff from these surfaces often
carries various pollutants that are left on
the surfaces. Pollution that cannot be
attributed to one cause is called nonpoint
pollution.
$400 Question: Water Quality
High nutrient levels in water can lead to
high levels of algae growing. What are
some of the negative consequences of such
an algae bloom?
$400 Answer: Water Quality
Algae produces dissolved oxygen, but when
it dies decomposers consume more dissolved
oxygen than the algae produced, leading
to “dead zones” in rivers or the Bay. Algae,
dead or alive, can also block light to underwater vegetation, thereby lowering oxygen
produced by photosynthesis.
$500 Question: Water Quality
You need to establish whether a river
system is healthy. Describe what tests you
could do to ascertain its health and what
results you would expect from these tests
were the river system healthy.
$500 Answer: Water Quality
Test for: Dissolved oxygen, pH,
temperature, nutrient levels (nitrates and
phosphates), light levels, health of fish, etc.
Healthy tests: high DO, neutral pH, lower
temp. than surrounding land, low nutrient
levels, high light levels, fish without
tumors/stress reactions, etc.
$100 Question: Succession/
Symbiosis
What is mutualism?
$100 Answer: Succession/
Symbiosis
The relationship between two organisms
of different species (or two populations)
where both benefit.
$200 Question: Succession/
Symbiosis
A disturbance clears an ecosystem. What are the
first two stages of succession? What organisms
are likely to move into the area?
$200 Answer: Succession/
Symbiosis
Establishment phase and exclusion phase. Pioneer
species such as grasses and small plants move into
the area, or existing seeds sprout. During the
exclusion phase, weedy, fast-growing species move
in and out-compete the initial grasses for limiting
factors such as water and light. Accompanying
animals, such as insects and herbivores, move in as
well.
$300 Question: Succession/
Symbiosis
Termites rely on protozoans (single-celled
organisms) living in their guts to help them
digest cellulose, a carbohydrate found in
wood. In return, the protozoan obtains a
host and nutrients. Is this mutualism,
commensalism or parasitism? How do you
know?
$300 Answer: Succession/
Symbiosis
Mutualism, because both
species benefit from the
relationship.
$400 Question: Succession/
Symbiosis
Mount Saint Helens, in the Cascade
mountains, is an active volcano that
erupted in 1980. What kind of
succession would the local
ecosystem have to undergo in order
to be restored? Explain your answer.
$400 Answer: Succession/
Symbiosis
Both primary and secondary succession
would have to occur. Lava would coat the
area in bare rock surface that would have to
be processed back into soil. Areas that were
covered in volcanic ash (different from
lava) or otherwise cleared without
removing/covering soil would undergo
secondary succession.
$500 Question: Succession/
Symbiosis
Coral have symbionts (organisms living in
them) called zooxanthallae, which perform
photosynthesis. Speculate on whether you
believe this is a parasitic, commensal, or
mutualistic relationship and explain why.
$500 Answer: Succession/
Symbiosis
The zoozanthallae are algae that
photosynthesize. While the coral benefit from
the sugars provided by the algae, it is unclear
whether the algae obtain any benefit from this
relationship, and is perhaps harmed by it.
Therefore, it is unclear whether the relationship
is mutualistic, commensal or parasitic, with the
coral exploiting the algae.
$100 Question: Population
Growth
What is carrying capacity?
$100 Answer: Population Growth
The number of organisms of one species
that an environment can support without
degrading its resources.
$200 Question: Population
Growth
In which type of growth does carrying
carrying capacity play a role? What are
some factors that cause population
growth to stay around carrying capacity?
$200 Answer: Population Growth
Logistic growth. Factors include limited
Biotic and abiotic resources such as prey,
competition, space, water, etc.
$300 Question: Population
Growth
Compare and contrast:
-Intraspecific and interspecific
competition.
-Abiotic and biotic resources.
-Density-dependent and density
independent limiting factors.
How can each limit population growth?
$300 Answer: Population Growth
Intraspecific competition is within a species; interspecific
competition is between species.
Abiotic resources are resources that have never lived (water,
sunlight, etc.); biotic factors are living (competition,
predation, food supplies, nesting sites/habitats in trees, etc.)
Density-dependent factors tend to be biotic (competition,
etc., or limiting abiotic resources – plants competing over
sunlight, water, etc.); density-independent factors tend to be
natural disasters or other events that limit populations
regardless of numbers.
Answers will vary.
$400 Question: Population
Growth
Describe and explain the kind of population
growth pictured below.
$400 Answer: Population Growth
Populations grow exponentially until they reach
carrying capacity, which shows the effect of limiting
factors on the population. Once the population
exceeds carrying capacity, limiting resources such as
food, space, water, light, etc., will become scare and
therefore the population will have a higher death
than birth rate, decreasing it to below carrying
capacity, upon which those resources become more
available, allowing the population to once again
increase.
$500 Question: Population
Growth
Has the human population reached carrying
capacity? Justify your answer in at least a
paragraph. Your answer should include a
definition of carrying capacity and an
explanation of factors that could limit
human population growth.
$500 Answer: Population Growth
Carrying capacity: The maximum number of
organisms in a population an ecosystem can support
without degrading its resources.
Limiting factors: Space, food supply (agriculture,
fishing, etc.), fossil fuels, clean water, etc.
Answers will vary.