Transcript Speciation Questions

CLICKER QUESTIONS
For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Chapter 24
The Origin of Species
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Questions prepared by
Jung Choi
Georgia Institute of Technology
Michael Dini
Texas Tech University
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Biological Species
Two animals are considered members of different
species if they _____.
a) are members of different populations
b) cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring
c) are geographically isolated
d) live in different habitats
e) look different
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cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring
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Biological Species
Cynotilapia afra, introduced at West Thumbi Island in Lake
Malawi in the 1960s, has split into two genetically distinct
populations, located at the north and south ends of the island.
How can scientists determine whether these populations are
now different species, according to the biological species
concept?
a) See whether the two populations are morphologically different
from each other: coloring, bone structure, and so on.
b) Determine whether captured individuals from the two different
populations will mate and produce offspring in a laboratory fish
tank.
c) Determine whether individuals from one population will
interbreed with individuals from the other population when
introduced into each other’s native habitats.
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Determine whether individuals from one population will
interbreed with individuals from the other population when
introduced into each other’s native habitats.
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Mechanism of Reproductive Isolation
If the two populations of C. afra at West Thumbi Island
have different striping patterns, what might be a likely
mechanism contributing to speciation?
a) polyploidy
b) female mating preferences
c) differing habitat preferences
d) temporal isolation
e) mechanical isolation
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female mating preferences
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Adaptive Radiation
Cichlids in Lake Victoria are thought to have diversified
from a relatively few species to 600 hundred species in
about 12,000 years (the last time the lake dried up).
What is the best way to test this hypothesis?
a) Examine the fossil record in lake sediments.
b) Look for morphological characteristics shared among Lake
Victoria species that are distinct from the species present in
other lakes.
c) Look for genetic characteristics shared among Lake Victoria
species that are distinct from species present in other lakes.
d) This is not a testable hypothesis.
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Look for genetic characteristics shared among Lake Victoria
species that are distinct from species present in other
lakes.
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Mechanisms of Adaptation
In vertebrate radiation, exemplified by African cichlids,
modification of jaws occurs during adaptation to
different food sources. Such rapid modifications could
result from which of the following?
a) changing the expression of genes that control the
growth of different jaw bones during development
b) evolving new genes that generate new jaw bones
c) acquiring genes by hybridizing with other species that
exploit the same food source
d) individuals exercising their jaw muscles in different ways,
causing the jaws to grow accordingly
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changing the expression of genes that control the growth
of different jaw bones during development
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Allopatric Speciation
Which population characteristic would make the
population more likely to undergo allopatric
speciation?
a) having a large number of individuals
b) being highly mobile
c) existing on the edge of the home range
d) having a relatively homogeneous home range
e) having a relatively homogeneous gene pool
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existing on the edge of the home range
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Speciation and Physical Environment
In what type of environment is a scientist most likely
to find examples of ongoing speciation?
a) areas that have a large range of altitudes, such as
mountains and deep valleys
b) areas such as large plains that facilitate migration of
animals
c) extreme physical environments that are marginal for
supporting life
d) areas that are already species-rich
e) areas that have undergone recent environmental
disturbance or change
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areas that have undergone recent environmental
disturbance or change
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Reproductive Isolation Mechanisms
Sea urchins are broadcast spawners: They release
their gametes into the water, without courtship. Which
of these reproductive isolation mechanisms might
operate for sea urchin species?
a) behavioral isolation or mechanical isolation
b) gametic isolation or temporal isolation
c) habitat isolation
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gametic isolation or temporal isolation
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Human Brain Evolution
A comparison of the human and chimpanzee genomes
shows that they are 99% identical, with very few
differences in protein coding genes. What mechanisms
may be responsible for evolution of the human brain?
a) One or a few novel genes organized new brain structures.
b) The timing of the expression of brain development genes
altered.
c) Brain development genes acquired mutations that made
them more active in promoting brain growth.
d) Genes that had other functions acquired new functions in
brain development (exaptation).
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The timing of the expression of brain development genes
altered.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.