Transcript ecological/habitat isolation

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson • Reece
22
The Origin
of Species
Questions prepared by
Fleur Ferro, Community College of Denver
Jung Choi, Georgia Institute of Technology
Michael Dini, Texas Tech University
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cynotilapia afra, introduced at West Thumbi Island in Lake
Malawi in the 1960s, has split into two genetically distinct
populations, located at the north and south ends of the island.
How can scientists determine whether these populations are
now different species, according to the biological species
concept?
A. See whether the two populations are morphologically
different from each other: coloring, bone structure, and so
on.
B. Determine whether captured individuals from the two
different populations will mate and produce offspring in a
laboratory fish tank.
C. Determine whether individuals from one population
will interbreed with individuals from the other
population when introduced into each other’s native
habitats.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cynotilapia afra, introduced at West Thumbi Island in Lake
Malawi in the 1960s, has split into two genetically distinct
populations, located at the north and south ends of the island.
How can scientists determine whether these populations are
now different species, according to the biological species
concept?
A. See whether the two populations are morphologically
different from each other: coloring, bone structure, and so
on.
B. Determine whether captured individuals from the two
different populations will mate and produce offspring in a
laboratory fish tank.
C. Determine whether individuals from one population
will interbreed with individuals from the other
population when introduced into each other’s native
habitats.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cichlids in Lake Victoria are thought to have
diversified from a relatively few species to 600
species in about 12,000 years (the last time the lake
dried up). What is the best way to test this
hypothesis?
A. Examine the fossil record in lake sediments.
B. Look for morphological characteristics shared
among Lake Victoria species that are distinct
from the species present in other lakes.
C. Look for genetic characteristics shared
among Lake Victoria species that are distinct
from species present in other lakes.
D. This is not a testable hypothesis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cichlids in Lake Victoria are thought to have
diversified from a relatively few species to 600
species in about 12,000 years (the last time the lake
dried up). What is the best way to test this
hypothesis?
A. Examine the fossil record in lake sediments.
B. Look for morphological characteristics shared
among Lake Victoria species that are distinct
from the species present in other lakes.
C. Look for genetic characteristics shared
among Lake Victoria species that are distinct
from species present in other lakes.
D. This is not a testable hypothesis.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In what type of environment is a scientist most likely
to find examples of ongoing speciation?
A. areas that have a large range of altitudes, such
as mountains and deep valleys
B. areas such as large plains that facilitate
migration of animals
C. extreme physical environments that are marginal
for supporting life
D. areas that are already species-rich
E. areas that have undergone recent
environmental disturbance or change
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In what type of environment is a scientist most likely
to find examples of ongoing speciation?
A. areas that have a large range of altitudes, such
as mountains and deep valleys
B. areas such as large plains that facilitate
migration of animals
C. extreme physical environments that are marginal
for supporting life
D. areas that are already species-rich
E. areas that have undergone recent
environmental disturbance or change
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sea urchins are broadcast spawners: They release
their gametes into the water without courtship.
Which of these reproductive isolation mechanisms
is most likely affecting sea urchins?
A. behavioral isolation or mechanical isolation
B. gametic isolation or temporal isolation
C. habitat isolation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sea urchins are broadcast spawners: They release
their gametes into the water without courtship.
Which of these reproductive isolation mechanisms
is most likely affecting sea urchins?
A. behavioral isolation or mechanical isolation
B. gametic isolation or temporal isolation
C. habitat isolation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You spot a sea snake while you are in a boat on the
ocean and remark about how similar it looks to a
snake that lives in central Illinois. However, you
know that they are most likely separate species due
to which of the following reproductive barriers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
ecological/habitat isolation
temporal isolation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
You spot a sea snake while you are in a boat on the
ocean and remark about how similar it looks to a
snake that lives in central Illinois. However, you
know that they are most likely separate species due
to which of the following reproductive barriers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
ecological/habitat isolation
temporal isolation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The century cactus flowers every 100 years. A
similar cactus flowers every 50 years. If the 50-yearcactus pollen has the correct characteristics to
fertilize the century cactus, which reproductive
barrier will most likely be working against that
possibility?
A.
B.
C.
D.
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
ecological/habitat isolation
temporal isolation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The century cactus flowers every 100 years. A
similar cactus flowers every 50 years. If the 50-yearcactus pollen has the correct characteristics to
fertilize the century cactus, which reproductive
barrier will most likely be working against that
possibility?
A.
B.
C.
D.
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
ecological/habitat isolation
temporal isolation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Several species of amphibians are able to read
each other’s mating rituals and understand them,
tend to be fertile at the same time, and are usually
similar in size. However, when they attempt to mate,
they never produce offspring. Which of the following
barriers is most likely the cause of this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
reduced hybrid fertility
hybrid breakdown
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Several species of amphibians are able to read
each other’s mating rituals and understand them,
tend to be fertile at the same time, and are usually
similar in size. However, when they attempt to mate,
they never produce offspring. Which of the following
barriers is most likely the cause of this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
reduced hybrid fertility
hybrid breakdown
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The fossil record shows that species remain
constant for long periods of time, but then
speciation episodes occur rapidly. This is
indicative of
A.
B.
C.
D.
gradualism.
punctuated equilibrium.
allopatric speciation.
sympatric speciation.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The fossil record shows that species remain
constant for long periods of time, but then
speciation episodes occur rapidly. This is
indicative of
A.
B.
C.
D.
gradualism.
punctuated equilibrium.
allopatric speciation.
sympatric speciation.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When differentiating between two species of fish,
you notice that one species stay near the surface
and feed on floating algae while the other species
are bottom feeders. This is using the
A. morphological species concept.
B. ecological species concept.
C. phylogenetic species concept.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
When differentiating between two species of fish,
you notice that one species stay near the surface
and feed on floating algae while the other species
are bottom feeders. This is using the
A. morphological species concept.
B. ecological species concept.
C. phylogenetic species concept.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.