Transcript ecol
How do geological processes and climate change affect evolution? It is by the ff. - Tectonic plates movements • Volcanic Eruption • Earthquake • Climate Change Geologic Processes Affects Natural Selection • The tectonic plates have drifted slowly on the planets mantle. Effects • The location of continents and oceanic basins have greatly influenced the earth’s climate and thus helped to determined where animals and plants can live. • Species has allowed to move , adapt a new environment and form new species to natural selection. Climate change and Catastrophes affect natural selection • Cooled • Covered with ice • Warm • Melted ice and raised the sea level How do speciation , extinction and human activities affects biodiversity? • It can decrease biodiversity by causing premature extinction of species and by destroying or degrading habitats needed for the development of new species How do new species evolve • It is by NATURAL SELECTION and also called as SPECIATION. • SPECIATION- it is a process where a specie splits into 2 or more different kinds of species. 2 Kinds of Speciation • 1. Geographic Isolation- a specie become physically isolated from one another for a long period of time. • 2. Reproductive Isolation • - mutation and change by natural selection operate independently in the gene pools of geographically isolated populations. Extinction is forever • Extinction- a process in which an entire specie ceases to exist or a population of a specie becomes extinct or gone over a large region but not globally. • Ex. Endemic specie- specie that found only in one area. 2 kinds of extinction • 1. Background extinction- species have disappeared at a low rate (1 to 5 species extinct) • 2. Mass extinction.- species have disappeared at a high rate (a large group of specie extinct) What is species diversity and why is it important? • Species diversity is a major component of biodiversity and tends to increase the sustainability of some ecosystems. • Species diversity includes the variety and abundance of specie in a particular place. • - species richness • - species evenness What roles do species play in an ecosystem? • Each species plays an ecological role called NICHE. Cockroaches • It is the natures ultimate survivors lived around 350 million years. • They survived because they can eat anything that they see. • 3500 different kinds of cockroaches • They also have 2000 lenses in their eyes • And did you know that Asian cockroaches can offspring a 10 million eggs in their entire life. Niches can be occupied by native and nonnative species. • Native species -species that are normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem. • Nonnative species -species that migrating or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem Indicator Species serve as biological smoke alarms • Birds are also excellent as biological indicators because they are found almost everywhere and they are affected quickly by environmental changes. Revisiting amphibians species • Frogs- sensitive and vulnerable to environmental disruption at various points in their life cycle. Keystone and foundation species play important roles in their ecosystem. • Keystone species- whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of the other specie in an ecosystem. • Foundation Species- a major role in shaping community by creating and enhancing their habitats in ways that benefit other species.