Transcript Document

The 2009 Red Data Book
of the Komi Republic
Svetlana Degteva
Tatiana Pystina
Institute of Biology
Komi Science Centre
Syktyvkar, Russia
‘Rare and threatened animals
and plants of the Komi ASSR’
(1982)
Main list:
30 species of animals: 5 fishes, 2
reptiles, 14 birds, 9 mammals;
126 species of plants: 108 flowering
plants, 18 ferns.
Care demanding:
29 species of animals: 7 fishes, 18
birds, 4 mammals;
185 species of plants: 162 flowering
plants, 4 ferns, 19 mosses.
The Red Data Book of the Komi Republic (1998)
The first official publication of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic was established by the
Decree of the Head of the Komi Republic dated by May 18, 1998 № 175.
The 1998 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Criteria :
- a small number of habitats on the territory of the Komi Republic;
- situation of a species on its distribution border;
- the inclusion of a species into the Red Data Book of the IUCN, the Red Data Books of the former
USSR and Russia;
- an endemic or relict species.
Threat categories (IUCN Plant Red Data Book, 1978) :
0 (Ex) – extinct or probably extinct species;
1 (E) – endangered species, with a critical level of numbers;
2 (V) – rare and vulnerable species, with reducing numbers;
3(R) – rare species, with small total populations and restricted geographical habitats;
4 (I) – indeterminate species, additional information needed.
5 (Cd) – relatively common species but have decreased dramatically under anthropogenic impacts
(officinal, ornamental plants), care demanding (plants).
5 – restoring and being restored species. Taxa and populations whose numbers and distribution
areas started to restore naturally or artificially and are close to the status when they would not
need special protection and reproduction measures (animals).
The 1998 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Threat category
Taxonomic group
0
1
2
3
4
5
Total number
of taxa
110
FUNGI
Eumycota
–
–
–
22
5
5
32
Lichens
–
20
11
16
20
11
78
PLANTS
394
Bryophyta
–
–
15
52
8
79
154
Vascular plants
–
7
31
87
42
73
240
ANIMALS
107
Invertebrates
–
7
6
34
6
–
53
Fishes
1
–
1
2
1
–
5
Amphibia
–
–
–
1
–
–
1
Reptilia
–
-
–
3
–
–
3
Birds
1
9
4
15
5
–
34
Mammalia
–
1
2
4
4
–
11
2
44
70
623
91
168
611
Total
From 1998 to 2008, the data on biological features, numbers, and habitats of plants
and animals included into the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were collected,
classified and analyzed. That work was generally coordinated by the Ministry of
Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic. The scientists
of the Institute of Biology and the Pechora-Ilych zapovednik inventoried flora and
fauna for early identification of threatened species and organization of corresponding
protection measures. Inventory of nature protected areas with local populations of
many red-listed species was given high attention. 164 regional nature protected areas
(from 237) have been inventoried . At present biodoversity inventory of NPA’s system
under UNDP/GEF umbrella is finished.
Nature protected areas of the Komi Republic
240 in total including:
zapovednik - 1
national park - 1
preserves - 164
nature monuments – 73
protected landscape - 1
Total area ~ 5.4 million ha
(~ 13% of the territory of the
Komi Republic).
The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
The Order and the 2009
Red Data Book of the
Komi Republic were
prepared according to the
“Manual of Red Data
Book Keeping for the
subject of the Russian
Federation” (2006)
developed by the Ministry
of Nature Resources of
the Russian Federation.
The lists of plant and animal species to be included into the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were established by
the Order of the Ministry of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic dated by February
12, 2008 № 79.
Publication of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic followed the work of the Ministry of Nature of the Komi
Republic concerning normative legal regulation in that sphere. From 2006-2008, 6 legal acts were carried within the
frames of that work, including 1 Law of the Komi Republic, 1 Decree of the Head of the Komi Republic, 1 executive
order of the Government of the Komi Republic, and 3 orders of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the
Komi Republic.
The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Threat categories:
0 – Extinct or probably extinct. Species (subspecies, populations) earlier known to inhabit the
terrain of the Komi Republic whose presence in the wild of the region is not certain now (for
invertebrates – for the last 100 years and for vertebrates – for the last 50 years).
1 – Endangered. Species (subspecies, populations) whose numbers have been reduced to a critical
level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate
danger of vanishing.
2 – Vulnerable. Species (subspecies, populations) with steadily reducing numbers which are
believed likely to move into the Endangered category (1) in the near future if the casual factors
continue operating.
3 – Rare. Species (subspecies, populations) are at risk because of small total populations within the
area of concern. These taxa are usually localized within restricted geographical areas or habitats or
are thinly scattered over a more extensive range.
4 – Indeterminate. Species (subspecies, populations) are known to be Extinct (0), Endangered (1),
Vulnerable (2) or Rare (3) but there is not enough information to say which of the categories is
appropriate.
5 – Restoring and being restored. Species (subspecies, populations) whose numbers and
distribution areas started to restore naturally or artificially and are close to the status when they
would not need special conservation and protection measures.
The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Taxonomic group
Threat category
0
1
2
3
4
5
FUNGI
Total number of
taxa
124
Eumycota
–
–
1
31
10
–
42
Lichens
–
16
13
41
12
–
82
PLANTS
311
Alga
–
–
–
4
–
–
4
Bryophyta
–
–
14
49
8
–
71
Vascular plants
–
12
49
125
50
–
236
ANIMALS
100
Invertebrates
–
1
4
37
12
–
54
Fishes
–
2
2
2
–
–
6
Amphibia
–
–
–
1
1
–
2
Birds
–
1
9
16
6
1
33
Mammalia
–
1
2
2
–
–
5
0
33
94
307
99
1
535
Total
Fungi
Allocation of fungi to the threat categories
Included into the Red Data Book –
42 species
threat categories
5
4
10
3
Totally in the Komi Republic – 929
species
31
2
1
1
0
0
5
Grifola frondosa
10
15
20
25
30
35
numbers of species
Sarcosoma globosum
Ganoderma lucidum
Lichens
Totally in the Komi Republic –
more than 1200 species
Allocation of lichens to the threat categories
threat categories
Included into the Red Data Book –
82 species
5
4
12
3
41
2
13
1
16
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
numbers of species
Heterodermia speciosa
Lobaria pulmonaria
Usnea longissima
Bryophyta
Included into the Red Data
Book – 71 species
threat categories
Allocation of mosses to the threat categories
5
4
8
3
Totally in the Komi Republic
– 653 species
49
2
14
1
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
numbers of species
Neckera pennata
60
Vascular plants
Totally in the Komi Republic –
1217 species
Allocation of vascular plants to the threat categories
5
threat categories
Included into the Red Data
Book – 236 species
4
50
3
125
2
49
1
12
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
numbers of species
Anemonastrum biarmiense
Gypsophila uralensis
Linum boreale
Invertebrate animals
threat categories
Allocation of invertebrate animals
to the threat categories
Included into the Red Data Book 54 species
5
4
12
3
37
2
4
1
1
Totally in the Komi Republic - about
10 000 species
0
0
10
20
30
40
numbers of species
Carabus nitens
Papilo machaon
Myrmeleon formicarius
Vertebrate animals
Allocation of vertebrate animals
to the threat categories
Totally in the Komi Republic –
44 fish, 6 amphibian, 5 reptiles,
265 birds, and 57 mammals
threat categories
Included into the Red Data Book
– 46 species
5
1
4
7
3
21
2
13
1
4
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
numbers of species
Plecotus auritus
Salamandrella keiserlingii
Thymallus arcticus
Annexes to the 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
Annex 1. The annotated list of care demanding plant and animal species
114 plant species
77 animal species
Annex 2. Species excluded from the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic
66 plant species
11 animal species
The 2009 Red Data Book was significantly
enlarged concerning morphological
description of species, information on their
distribution world-wide, in Russia and in
the Komi Republic, their habitats and
biological features.
The available data on their population
numbers were included, the limiting factors
and threats – identified, information on
accepted protection measures – summarized
and suggestions about required protection
measures – introduced. Information on
protection of a species on the territory of
the Russian Federation and its subjects
adjacent with the Komi Republic is given.
Original illustrations and sketch-maps of
habitats follow the text. The sketch-maps
show distribution of a species in a net of
quadrates 100 х 100 km by the observation
data of authors and found samples, as well
as by the literature data.
Ganoderma lucidum
Ecosystems of NPA’S are the key
habitats of many rare species, which
are protected in the Komi Republic
Кастиллея
Башмачокарктическая
настоящий
Gypsophila uralensis
Usnea longissima
Number of rare species at the NPA’s of the Komi Republic
Mammalia
5
5
Birds
33
33
Amphibia
1
2
Fishes
5
Invertebrates
6
54
36
Vascular plants
186
Bryophyta
Alga
236
54
71
3
4
Lichens
74
Eumycota
31
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
82
42
80%
90%
The share of the number of rare species, %
100%
КАРТА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОСТИ МЕСТООБИТАНИЙ
РЕДКИХ ВИДОВ НА ООПТ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ
Map of the rare species
distribution in the NPA
of the Komi Republic
21
Ecosystems of Pechora-Ilych
zapovednik, National park
“Ugud va”, reserves
“Pizhemskyi”, “Belaya
Kedva”, “Soivinskyi”,
“Unjinskyi”,
“Martushevskoe”, “Usinskyi”
are of greate walue for
biodiversity protection on
local (Komi Republic),
regional (Russian
Federation) and
international levels.
Experience
• Expert
groups were formed, monitoring of some rare
species populations has been started
• Detail inventory of plant cover, flora and fauna at the
NPAs have been conducted
• The Data about new found habitats of rare species
have been summarized
• Interactive version of the Red Data Book of the Komi
Republic has been created
Problems
• Absence united criteria of rare species in Russian
Federation and EU
• Local NPA’s system of the Komi Republic doesn’t totally
correspond to international criteria
• Absence of local strategy and practical approaches to
conservation of rare species’ native populations
• Budget deficit for nature conservation
• Deficit of data about trends of nature ecosystems
changes, status and dynamics of rare species populations
• Bad coordination of scientific and education
organizations, local government in the field of nature
resources using and conservation
• Insufficient degree of formation of environmental
outlook of the population, including the people responsible
for making management decisions
Actual aims
• Collection and analysis of data about habitats and populations of
rare plants, animals, fungi, trends of their number and areas
dynamics
• Regular monitoring of rare plants, animals, fungi populations
• Keep the information in Data Base “Red Data Book of the Komi
Republic”
• Coordination of research work with scientific institutes and
specialists from neighboring regions
• Conservation of rare species key habitats in situ, developing local
NPA’s system
• Conservation of rare species ex situ, in vitro
Thank you for attention!