Transcript Comparative Digestion Notes

Comparative Digestion Systems
& Processes
Modified by Ashlee Gibson
The Digestion Process
• Food is broken down
• Animals have digestive systems adapted to
the foods that they consume
• Four types of digestive systems
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_____________________________________
_____________________________________
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Ruminant Digestive System
Modified to handle the breakdown of
large amounts of
_________________
Ruminant Digestive System
• Mouth
– no upper ___________________, hard palate
– molars for grinding coarse vegetation
– saliva does not contain ___________________
• _______________________________
– muscular tube connecting the mouth to the
stomach
Ruminant Digestive Systems
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The Four Compartmented Stomach
Rumen: storage area and
_______________________________
Reticulum: nails and wire may be found
here-_____________________ stomach
Omasum: eliminates excess
___________from feed
Abomasum: true stomach, _____________
and __________________ are secreted
Ruminant Digestive Systems
Stomach (cont.)
• _______________: first step in rumination
– large quantities of roughage are consumed and
are chewed just enough to swallow
– after swallowing, regurgitation (“cud chewing”)
takes place, food is re-chewed
Ruminant Digestive System
• Small Intestine
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connects stomach to large intestine
______________________________________
contains bile and pancreatic juices
pushes food through by muscle contractions
Ruminant Digestive System
• Large Intestine
– Contains Cecum, Colon and Rectum
• ____________________: sac at junction of small
intestine and large intestine
• Colon and rectum: at end of system
– not as long as small intestine, but larger in
diameter
– water and some nutrient absorption occurs here
– where residue solidifies before excretion
Monogastric Digestive System
Characterized by inability to digest
roughage efficiently
Monogastric Digestive System
• Mouth
– has upper and lower incisors
– ________________________ secreted which
breaks down nutrients
• Esophagus
– connects mouth to stomach
Monogastric Digestive System
• Stomach
– secretes _________________________ to
break down nutrients
– enzymes such as ______________ also
secreted here
– churning action mixes food
• Small and Large Intestine
• function just as in ruminant systems
Avian Digestive Systems
Characterized by several organs not
found in other species that are
adapted for grinding hard or encased
food
Avian Digestive Systems
• Mouth
– ____________________________________
– Salivation excretion ____________________
• Esophagus
– has a modification called the _____________
which stores and moistens food
– connects mouth and stomach
Avian Digestive Systems
• Stomach
– Contains two parts
• _______________________________: same as
monogastric stomach and provides digestive
excretions
• _______________________________: located after
proventriculus, very muscular, used to grind food
Avian Digestive Systems
• Small Intestine
– similar functions as in ruminants and
monogastric systems
• Large Intestine
– similar functions as in ruminants and
monogastric systems
– _____________________ chamber into which
urinary and genital canals open
– ___________________ aids in fiber digestion
and absorption
Equine Digestive Systems
Characterized by non-ruminant
animals that consume and digest
feeds high in fiber
Equine Digestive Systems
• Mouth
– intact top and bottom incisors
– molars adapted to chewing fibrous feeds
– no digestive enzymes in saliva
• Esophagus
– not well adapted for _____________________
– connects mouth and stomach
Equine Digestive System
• Stomach
– similar to monogastric system
• Small intestine
– similar to monogastric and ruminant systems
– ____________________ to store bile
– enlarged _______________ to aid in fiber
breakdown
Equine Digestive System
• Large Intestine
– similar to monogastric systems
– _________________________ (at junction of
small and large intestines) and colon take up
most of the volume of the equine digestive
system