Transcript Biomechanical Analysis of Hurdling Kale Hintz, Ericka Fischer

Biomechanical
Analysis of Hurdling
Kale Hintz, Ericka Fischer, Jenny Suing
12-3-14
Biomechanical
Analysis of Hurdling
Kale Hintz, Ericka Fischer, Jenny Suing
12-3-14
Skill Objectives
❖ Clear the hurdle with the smallest
decrease in horizontal velocity as possible
Special Considerations
❖ Height of athlete
➢
stride length
❖ Height of hurdles
❖ Flexibility of athlete
➢
specifically at the hip joint
Keys to Successful Hurdling
❖ Spending as much time as possible
sprinting
❖ Spending as little time in the air as
possible (a perfected clearance technique)
(Pierre Beaulieu,
2012)
Center of Mass
❖ Raise just above the hurdle to
allow for clearance
❖ Lean forward while clearing
hurdle to minimize center of
mass elevation
➢ Leaning forward allows for
more aerodynamic posture
(Pierre Beaulieu,
2012)
Projectile Motion
❖ Minimize potential energy by reducing elevation
❖ Maximize kinetic energy by spending as much time as possible
sprinting
❖ Vertical height directly affects time
❖ By keeping the center of mass low as possible the runner is able to
decrease time
❖ By lowering the center of mass less initial velocity is required to clear
the hurdle
(Pierre Beaulieu,
2012)
Momentum
Momentum is lost when:
❖ stutter-stepping occurs
❖ the hurdle is hit
*Hitting the hurdle is an inelastic collision
Anatomy/ Function of Hurdling (Leg)
Mono-articulating
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
Short head of Bicep Femoris
Vastus muscles
*Gluteus Maximus
*Tensor Fasciae Latae
Adductors
Soleus
These muscles provide
❖ Stability and leverage
❖ Force & work generators
❖ Lose tension in quick movements
Anatomy/ Function of Hurdling (Leg)
Bi-articulating
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
Psoas Major
Hamstrings
Bicep Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Rectus Femoris
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
These muscles provide
❖
❖
❖
❖
High speed movements
Saves energy by allowing concentric work to be done on one
end and eccentric on the other
Transfers energy while resisting moments across adjacent
joints (isometric function)
Effects timing of muscle activation on vertical jump
Phases
Hurdling Phases
❖ Take-off Phase
❖ Flight Phase
➢
➢
➢
Splitting
Clearance
Landing Preparation
❖ Landing Phase
Take-off phase
❖ Aggressive run at the hurdle
❖ Stay of ball’s of feet
➢
allows for less braking effect which which would
otherwise lead to slower horizontal velocity
❖ Avoid sinking center of mass
❖ Shifting of lead leg, arms, and trunk must
be performed simultaneously
Take-off phase
❖ Pelvic orientation
❖ Minimizing loss in velocity
❖ Athlete must maintain a high position of
center of mass during take-off
❖ Lead knee is driven up
and at the hurdle
Biomechanical errors
❖ Taking too long of a stride before take-off
❖ Last stride is too close to the hurdle
❖ Lead leg is brought out to the side
Flight Phase
❖ Three different phases
➢
➢
➢
Splitting phase
Clearance phase
Landing Preparation
*The key to this phase is spending as little
time as possible in the air
Splitting Phase
❖ Hurdler assumes split position
❖ Opposite arm reaches for opposite leg
Clearance Phase
❖ Keep center of mass as low as possible
➢
Leaning forward allows for easier movement of
the trail leg
❖ Keeping vertical velocity low
allows for less time in the air
Biomechanical Errors
❖ Vertical velocity is too high
❖ Trail leg is not brought high enough or is
brought under the body
Landing Preparation
❖ The main characteristic is the opposed
movement behavior of trail and lead leg
❖ Forward trunk lean is kept to continue
momentum
Biomechanical Errors
❖ Shoulders are not lined up with hips
Landing Phase
❖ Landing in plantar flexion of the lead leg
allows for minimal loss in horizontal
velocity
❖ High knee rotation allows for better
clearance of the hurdle
References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gveS_0sFOmw&list=PLYhTif3-2kJBBTLd4fC7QL3uIiAWsvvzH&index=34
Pierre Beaulieu, H. O. (2012). Blood lactate levels of decathletes during competition. Education Physique of Sports, University
of Bordeaux , France, 146-157.
McLean, B. (2011). THE BIOMECHANICS OF HURDLING: FORCE PLATE ANALYSIS TO ASSESS HURDLING TECHNIQUE.
Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Canberra, Australia, 333-335.
Coh, M., & Iskra, J. (2012). Biomechanical Studies of 110 M Hurdle Clearance Technique. Sport Science, Faculty of EducationUniversity of Travnik, Bosnia, & Herzegovina, 10-13.
Coh, M. (2003). Biomechanical analysis of Colin Jackson's hurdle clearance technique. New studies in athletics, 18(1), 37-45.
Coh, M., Milanovic, D., & Kampmiller, T. (2011). Morphologic and Kinematic Characteristics of Elite Sprinters. Original Scientific
Paper, 605-610
Skill Objectives
❖ Clear the hurdle with the smallest
decrease in horizontal velocity as possible
Special Considerations
❖ Height of athlete
➢
stride length
❖ Height of hurdles
❖ Flexibility of athlete
➢
specifically at the hip joint
Keys to Successful Hurdling
❖ Spending as much time as possible
sprinting
❖ Spending as little time in the air as
possible (a perfected clearance technique)
(Pierre Beaulieu,
2012)
Center of Mass
❖ Raise just above the hurdle to
allow for clearance
❖ Lean forward while clearing
hurdle to minimize center of
mass elevation
➢ Leaning forward allows for
more aerodynamic posture
(Pierre Beaulieu,
2012)
Projectile Motion
❖ Minimize potential energy by reducing elevation
❖ Maximize kinetic energy by spending as much time as possible
sprinting
❖ Vertical height directly affects time
❖ By keeping the center of mass low as possible the runner is able to
decrease time
❖ By lowering the center of mass less initial velocity is required to clear
the hurdle
(Pierre Beaulieu,
2012)
Momentum
Momentum is lost when:
❖ stutter-stepping occurs
❖ the hurdle is hit
*Hitting the hurdle is an inelastic collision
Anatomy/ Function of Hurdling (Leg)
Mono-articulating
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
Short head of Bicep Femoris
Vastus muscles
*Gluteus Maximus
*Tensor Fasciae Latae
Adductors
Soleus
These muscles provide
❖ Stability and leverage
❖ Force & work generators
❖ Lose tension in quick movements
Anatomy/ Function of Hurdling (Leg)
Bi-articulating
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
Psoas Major
Hamstrings
Bicep Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Rectus Femoris
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
These muscles provide
❖
❖
❖
❖
High speed movements
Saves energy by allowing concentric work to be done on one
end and eccentric on the other
Transfers energy while resisting moments across adjacent
joints (isometric function)
Effects timing of muscle activation on vertical jump
Phases
Hurdling Phases
❖ Take-off Phase
❖ Flight Phase
➢
➢
➢
Splitting
Clearance
Landing Preparation
❖ Landing Phase
Take-off phase
❖ Aggressive run at the hurdle
❖ Stay of ball’s of feet
➢
allows for less braking effect which which would
otherwise lead to slower horizontal velocity
❖ Avoid sinking center of mass
❖ Shifting of lead leg, arms, and trunk must
be performed simultaneously
Take-off phase
❖ Pelvic orientation
❖ Minimizing loss in velocity
❖ Athlete must maintain a high position of
center of mass during take-off
❖ Lead knee is driven up
and at the hurdle
Biomechanical errors
❖ Taking too long of a stride before take-off
❖ Last stride is too close to the hurdle
❖ Lead leg is brought out to the side
Flight Phase
❖ Three different phases
➢
➢
➢
Splitting phase
Clearance phase
Landing Preparation
*The key to this phase is spending as little
time as possible in the air
Splitting Phase
❖ Hurdler assumes split position
❖ Opposite arm reaches for opposite leg
Clearance Phase
❖ Keep center of mass as low as possible
➢
Leaning forward allows for easier movement of
the trail leg
❖ Keeping vertical velocity low
allows for less time in the air
Biomechanical Errors
❖ Vertical velocity is too high
❖ Trail leg is not brought high enough or is
brought under the body
Landing Preparation
❖ The main characteristic is the opposed
movement behavior of trail and lead leg
❖ Forward trunk lean is kept to continue
momentum
Biomechanical Errors
❖ Shoulders are not lined up with hips
Landing Phase
❖ Landing in plantar flexion of the lead leg
allows for minimal loss in horizontal
velocity
❖ High knee rotation allows for better
clearance of the hurdle
References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gveS_0sFOmw&list=PLYhTif3-2kJBBTLd4fC7QL3uIiAWsvvzH&index=34
Pierre Beaulieu, H. O. (2012). Blood lactate levels of decathletes during competition. Education Physique of Sports, University
of Bordeaux , France, 146-157.
McLean, B. (2011). THE BIOMECHANICS OF HURDLING: FORCE PLATE ANALYSIS TO ASSESS HURDLING TECHNIQUE.
Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Canberra, Australia, 333-335.
Coh, M., & Iskra, J. (2012). Biomechanical Studies of 110 M Hurdle Clearance Technique. Sport Science, Faculty of EducationUniversity of Travnik, Bosnia, & Herzegovina, 10-13.
Coh, M. (2003). Biomechanical analysis of Colin Jackson's hurdle clearance technique. New studies in athletics, 18(1), 37-45.
Coh, M., Milanovic, D., & Kampmiller, T. (2011). Morphologic and Kinematic Characteristics of Elite Sprinters. Original Scientific
Paper, 605-610