Unit 10 Chapter 35 The Digestive and Endocrine Systems
Download
Report
Transcript Unit 10 Chapter 35 The Digestive and Endocrine Systems
Unit 10
Chapter 35
The Digestive
and
Endocrine
Systems
The Digestive System
Functions:
Ingestion
Mechanical &
chemical digestion
Absorption
Elimination of
solid wastes
The Digestive System
Mouth:
Teeth
Adapted for tearing &
grinding food
Tongue
Adapted for tasting, &
swallowing food, speech
Salivary glands
Secretes enzymes for
digestion of starch
The Digestive System
Esophagus
Muscular
passageway that
connects the throat
to the stomach
Peristalsis
Wavelike
contractions for
moving food through
the digestive tract
The Digestive System
Stomach
Muscular, pouch-like enlargement of the
digestive tract
Mechanical digestion,
muscular churning
Chemical digestion,
gastric fluids begin
the digestion of protein
The Digestive System
Small intestine
Muscular tube connecting
the stomach and large
intestine
Completion of digestion by
chemicals added from
pancreas & liver
Absorption of food by villi
Fingerlike projections that
increase the surface area
Cross-section of Small Intestine showing villi
The Digestive System
Liver (I)
Gall bladder (H)
Large organ that
produces bile, which
breaks down fats
Small organ storing bile
from liver
Pancreas (D)
Soft gland that secretes
both digestive enzymes
& hormones
The Digestive System
Large intestine
Muscular tube leading from the small
intestine to the rectum
Absorption of
water & minerals
Synthesis of vitamins
by symbiotic bacteria
Elimination of
indigestible wastes
Nutrition
Carbohydrates
(sugars & starches)
The body’s main source for energy
Lipids (fats, oils & waxes)
Stores energy for the body and used as
building materials for cell membrane
Proteins
Provides cell structure & function, i.e.
enzymes, hormones, antibodies, etc
Nutrition
Minerals & vitamins
For normal growth and chemical
reactions
Minerals are inorganic, such as
iron, iodine, & sodium
Vitamins are organic, such as
riboflavin, niacin, & ascorbic acid
Water
Facilitates chemical reactions,
universal solvent, maintains body
temperature
Calories measure energy content of food in units of heat
The Endocrine System
Ductless glands that
secrete hormones into
the bloodstream
Hormones
Chemical messengers
relaying information to
other, target, organs
The Endocrine System
Negative feedback
Increasing one hormone
inhibits another to reduce
the production of the
second hormone
Ex: insulin decreases
sugar while glucagon
increases sugar, together
maintaining blood sugar
levels
The Endocrine System
Hypothalamus
Portion of the brain that connects the
nervous and endocrine system (pituitary g.)
Pituitary gland
Secretes 9 hormones that directly regulate
the actions of several other endocrine
glands
Ex: Growth hormone is essential for
normal growth & development
The Endocrine System
Thyroid gland
Has a major role in regulating the body’s
metabolism
Ex: Calcitonin
regulates calcium
levels in the blood
The Endocrine System
Adrenal gland
Plays a major role in preparing the body
for stressful situations
Ex: Epinephrine
(adrenalin)
is associated with
the body’s fight
or flight reactions