Transcript Alabama Department of Public Safety Ergonomic Training for

Alabama Department of
Public Safety
Ergonomic Training for
Data Entry Personnel
Michael Papp
MS Engineering
Alabama Department of
Rehabilitation Services
Overview of Today
I.
Muscular Skeletal
Disorders - What are they and
how to recognize symptoms
II. What Risk Factors can
lead to Muscular Skeletal
Disorders
III. How to reduce the risk of
Muscular Skeletal Disorders
from typing
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
What are MSDs?
MSDs Affect
 Muscles
 Nerves
 Tendons
 Ligaments
 Joints
 Cartilage
 Spinal disks
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
What are MSDs?
• Develop gradually over time
• Not the result of an
instantaneous event, such as
slips, trips, and falls
• Symptoms range from mild to
severe chronic and debilitation
conditions
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Signs & Symptoms
 Aching
 Burning
 Cramping
 Loss of color
 Numbness
 Pain
 Swelling
 Stiffness
 Tingling
 Weakness
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Carpal Tunnel is formed by the
wrist bones and a dense
ligament
• Carpal tunnel--a tunnel in the
wrist through which the median
nerve and nine tendons pass
• Continued and repetitive
pressure on the median nerve in
the carpal tunnel can cause
carpal tunnel syndrome
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
How Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Develops
• Swelling or thickening of the
carpal tunnel tendons start
• Tunnel begins to close
• Exerts pressure on the median
nerve
• Causes tingling, numbness, pain
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Areas Affected by the Median Nerve
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Thoracic outlet syndrome
• Compression of blood vessels
and/or nerves between shoulder
and arm
• Numbness of fingers and hand
I. Muscular Skeletal Disorders
Tension Neck Syndrome
• Fatigue or stiffness in the neck,
neck pain or headache radiating
from the neck
• May occur when neck is held in
one position for a long period of
time.
II. MSD Risk Factors
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Awkward Postures
Force and Exertion
Pressure and Compression
Cold Temperatures
Excessive Noise
Lighting
Lifestyle
II. MSD Risk Factors
Awkward Postures
Two types
• Static Postures- non-moving
– Little movement may occur in
neck, back, hips, and legs.
• Dynamic Postures - body in motion
– Fingers, arms, and shoulders
moving repetitively
II. MSD Risk Factors
Force & Exertion
• Forceful exertions place higher
loads on the muscles, tendons,
ligaments, and joints
• Factors
• Force needed or used to depress
key
• Posture during typing
• Speed of movement
• Reduce exertion by reducing:
• Force needed to press keys
• Hitting the keys only as hard as
necessary
II. MSD Risk Factors
Pressure & Compression
• External Compression
– Sharp edges concentrate forces on
a small area of the anatomy,
resulting in high, localized
pressure.
Internal Compression
–
–
–
–
high-force exertions
awkward postures
static postures
high velocity or acceleration of
movement
– swelling of injured tissue
II. MSD Risk Factors
Pressure & Compression
Tools & Work Practice Hazards
• leaning the side of the forearm
or elbow on a hard surface.
• sharply bent wrist positions
• compression over an extended
period of time
II. MSD Risk Factors
Cold Temperature Effects
• Cold environments compromise
muscle efficiency
• Possible vascular and
neurological damage
• Workers with cold-desensitized
fingers may exert more force
than necessary exposing
muscles, soft tissues, and joints
to increased forces
II. MSD Risk Factors
Cold Temperature Effects
• Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, and
some medication increase MSD
risks from cold temperatures
• Diseases, such as diabetes,
heart, vascular, and thyroid
problems, may make a person
more susceptible to effects of
cold temperatures
II. MSD Risk Factors
Noise Effects
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Increased muscle tension
Quicker onset of fatigue
Mental stress
Reduced concentration
Diverted attention
Slower recovery time
II. MSD Risk Factors
Light Effects
Too much or not enough light creates:
• Awkward postures
• Muscle fatigue
• Eye strain
• Mental fatigue
II. MSD Risk Factors
Light Effects
Position of light sources
• Glare on computer screen
• Eye strain
• Awkward postures
• Bright light in field of view
• Eye strain
II. MSD Risk Factors
Life Style Factors
Exercise & Activities
Proper exercise means
• Improved health
• Stronger body
• Improved endurance
• Reduced stress
• Better range of motion
II. MSD Risk Factors
Life Style Factors
No exercise means
• Easily fatigued
• Muscles weaken
• Easily injured from light
activity
• No endurance
• Less resistance to illness
II. MSD Risk Factors
Life Style Factors
Smoking Effects
• Restricts blood vessels
• Carbon monoxide in blood
• Longer recovery from injury
• Increased injuries from
vibration
• Increased injuries from cold
• Poor general health
II. MSD Risk Factors
Life Style Factors
Medication has the POTENTIAL
to increase risk of MSDs if it:
• Lowers or raises normal blood
pressure
• Changes sense of balance
• Masks pain
• Relaxes muscles
• Affects blood circulation
• Affects eyesight
III. Reducing MSD Risks
If Possible:
• Reduce Force Used
• Reduce Repetitive Motions
• Improve Posture and Position
• Take Short Rest Breaks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
Force
• Press the keys only as hard as
necessary to operate keyboard
• Do not type harder than
necessary
III. Reducing MSD Risks
Repetition
• Try and reduce the number of
keystrokes necessary to perform
a task.
• Utilize keyboard shortcuts and
hot keys when available.
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
III. Reducing MSD Risks
• Hands should be held above the keyboard
when typing.
• Use the palm rest when not typing.
III. Reducing MSD Risks
Rest Breaks
• Short rest breaks allow tissues
to recover
• Research has shown that short
rest breaks speed up production
• Hourly output declines though
out the day, short rest breaks
postpone production loss