Transcript TEM Wave Electrodynamics Feb 18 2012

Introduction to and Implications of Ivor
Catt's TEM Wave Electrodynamics
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Topics to be Covered
Three theories of electricity- “N”, “H”, and “C”.
The Catt Question.
‘Electric power’ moves through the insulator.
The fields account for all the power.
Why a capacitor is a transmission line.
Housecleaning electromagnetic theory.
Introduction to and Implications of Ivor
Catt's TEM Wave Electrodynamics
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Topics to be Covered
Removing Electric Current and static fields.
The crucial difference between the Electric
Current and Energy Current capacitor models.
The inductor.
How a waveguide actually works.
Provisional nature of this theory.
Past and future technology.
Theories N(ormal), H(eaviside), C(att)
Theories N and H: "Now in Maxwell's theory [Theory N, ca 1860]
potential energy… by… electric… and kinetic or magnetic
energy… are supposed to be set up by the current in the wire.
We reverse this; the current in the wire is set up by the
energy transmitted through the medium around it...”[Theory
H]-- Oliver Heaviside, 1892 (emphasis added-FB)
Theory C: There is no electric current. –Ivor Catt, 1976
Electric current has never been directly measured.
It is a mathematical abstraction.--FB
Two Conductors (Obstructors) have an
“electric field” spanning them when a
“voltage difference” is present.
The Catt Question
The key to grasping the question is to concentrate on the electric charge -q on the
bottom conductor. The step advances one foot per nanosecond. Extra negative charge
appears on the surface of the bottom conductor to terminate the new lines (tubes) of
electric flux D which appear between the top (signal) conductor and the bottom
conductor.
Since 1982 the question has been: Where does this new charge come from?
Sir Michael Pepper, Knighted "for services to Physics", says it comes from the south.
Nobel Prizewinner Professor Josephson say it comes from the west.—Ivor Catt
http://www.electromagnetism.demon.co.uk/cattq.htm
Removing Clutter from the
Theory of Electricity
If you want to change the world, start
by cleaning your room.
(I forget who said that-FB)
Removing Clutter
Everything that can be said about an
electric circuit (EC) can be said about a
transmission line (TL).
They are one and the same.
Removing Clutter
Permittivity and Permeability
Either use those two constants:
Or use these two constants:
1
Z0
0 
c
c
1
0 
Z0 c
0
Z0 
0
0  0
Removing Clutter
Restating the Fine-structure Constant
Old Equation
New Equation
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finestructure_constant
redshift.vif.com/JournalFiles/V14NO
4PDF/V14N4BIS.pdf

e
2
4 o c
Zo e

2h
2
Removing Clutter
Dielectric Constant, K, aka Relative
Permittivity, εr
  r   / o
c
n

cM
• The index of refraction is
the square root of the
dielectric constant.
• Substituting n for K allows a

rewrite of the basic

 
o
o  o
equations of electricity.
o 
Removing Clutter
Capacitance and Inductance Restated
Old Equations
New Equations
Inductance/unit length:
L
LL 
i
Zn
LL 
c
Capacitance/unit length:
QL
CL 
V
n
CL 
cZ
http://www.wbabin.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers/View/3846
The measured field energies
account for all of the power
delivered to the load.
Electric current, I, doesn’t have any physical
job to do. It only acts as an accounting
device. Electric current inside a wire has
never been measured. A magnetic field is
measured outside the wire, then electric
current is hypothesized to be inside the
wire.
Energies “stored” per unit length of
two conductors.
Magnetic field energy:
1 2
ub  LL
2
Electric field energy:
ub  ud
1 2
ud  C L
2
The energies of each field are equal, regardless of Z.
The total energy is twice of either one. This is what led
e.g. to the error of stored energy in a capacitor.
http://www.ivorcatt.com/1_1.htm
The measured “fields” are measured and known to
move at the speed of light for the dielectric.
It is an accident of math that 2+2 = 22
• double the electric field has led to four times the energy
because the formula for energy contains the square of the
voltage. This quadrupling is untrue, because the two
electric fields, one travelling to the right and the other to
the left, have no relationship with each other. The reality is
that each electric field contains energy u per unit length,
totalling 2u, not 4u, of electric energy. The missing energy
is contained in the invisible magnetic fields. These are
invisible because the leftwards travelling magnetic field
makes the equal rightwards travelling magnetic field
invisible to our measuring instruments.—Ivor Catt
• http://www.ivorcatt.com/1_1.htm
Static Field Illusion
The water in a river moves but the river level
stays even. When the water-current is a
steady flow, a depth gauge reads a steady
depth.
The energy current in an electrical device is
measured with the voltmeter and the
ammeter. When the energy current is steady
the meters stand still.
THE CAPACITOR
Old Theory N model.
• A static electric field is
set up between two
metal plates. Massive
electrons arrive on one
and depart from the
other by traveling inside
of the wires.
Displacement current
accounts for the gap.
New Theory C model.
• Energy current moves
at the speed of light
through the space
around the wires,
enters the gap between
the plates, then
reciprocates back and
forth, creating the
illusion of a static
electric field.
One of Maxwell’s errors, committed
to preserve electric current.
The common method of
deriving displacement
current. (From Griffiths,
Introduction to
Electrodynamics, p 304)
A line integral is taken
around a loop bounding
a plane within the gap of
capacitor plates. This
cannot describe any
process parallel to that
plane. The conclusion is
therefore assumed.
Stepwise “discharge” of a Capacitor
versus RC “discharge”.
Fig 14.4.8 Response of open circuit
transmission line to step in voltage in
series with a high resistance. MIT, 1998,
http://web.mit.edu/6.013_book/www/
Catt, Davidson, Walton, 1978.
A Capacitor is a Transmission Line
From http://www.ivorcatt.com/1_3.htm -
Let us summarize the argument which erases the traditional model:
a) Energy current can only enter a capacitor at the speed of light.
b) Once inside, there is no mechanism for the energy current to slow down
below the speed of light.
c) The steady electrostatically charged capacitor is indistinguishable from
the reciprocating, dynamic model.
d) The dynamic model is necessary to explain the new feature to be
explained, the charging and discharging of a capacitor, and serves all the
purposes previously served by the steady, static model.
e) The static model, since it requires electric charge, collides with the Catt
Anomaly. (aka The Catt Question- FB)
A Capacitor is a Transmission Line
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An electric circuit is a transmission line.
A capacitor is an open transmission line.
An inductor is a shorted transmission line.
A battery is a capacitor is a transmission line.
A diode is a capacitor is a transmission line.
A transistor is a capacitor is a transmission line.
A computer chip is a
network of transmission lines.
Theory N. “A transmission line is
modeled in terms of itself.”
–Malcolm Davidson
THE INDUCTOR
Old Theory N model.
• When electric current
moves through a wire, a
static magnetic field is set
up around that wire.
• A coil of such wire
intensifies this effect.
• This effect is instantaneous
throughout the lumped
element of inductance, L.
New Theory C model.
• Energy current moves at
the speed of light through
the space around the
wire.
• A coil creates a trap for
the energy current. In
contrast to the capacitor,
the electric fields of the
reciprocating TEM waves
are concealed, creating
the illusion of a static
magnetic field.
Single-turn inductor
Part of the energy current (TEM step) from left travels
through an impedance mismatch. It finds the short on
the right and inverts. Electric fields are concealed,
magnetic fields appear doubled.
http://www.ivorcatt.com/4_5.htm
Single-turn inductor
The algebra get complicated quickly, but a computer
program doesn’t care.
http://www.ivorcatt.com/4_5.htm
THE WAVEGUIDE
Theory N uses Maxwell’s equations to arrive
at a physically impossible model of the TE
and TM modes in the waveguide. According
to this, the shape and speed of a Transverse
Electric (TE) wave depends on the shape of
a metal tube.
Instead, all modes can be modeled as TEM
Waves bouncing back and forth inside the
arbitrary tube, and always moving at c.
Unphysical waves in waveguide
Feynman Lectures, VII, p 24-5
Plane wavetrains outside of waveguide
Feynman Lectures, VII, p 24-12
(see animation of TEM Waveguide)
Feynman on the “Swishing”
TEM Wave
• “How can this bundle of electric and magnetic fields
maintain itself? The answer is: by the combined effects
of the Faraday law, [curlE = -dB/dt], and the new term
of Maxwell, [c^2curlB = dE/dt]. They cannot help
maintaining themselves. Suppose the magnetic field
were to disappear. There would be a changing
magnetic field which would produce an electric field. If
this electric field tries to go away, the changing electric
field would create a magnetic field back again. So, by a
perpetual interplay- BY THE SWISHING BACK AND
FORTH FROM ONE FIELD TO THE OTHER- they must go
on forever. –Feynman Lectures, p 18-8, Vol II (emphasis
added-FB)
Feynman on the “Swishing”
TEM Wave
• “I’ll tell you what I see. I see some kind of vague
shadowy, wiggling lines- here and there is an *E* and
*B* written on them somehow, and perhaps some of
the lines have arrows on them- an arrow here or there
which disappears when I look to closely at it. When I
talk about the fields swishing through space, I have a
terrible confusion between the symbols I use to
describe the objects and the objects themselves…” –
Feynman Lectures, p 20-10, Vol II (emphasis added-FB)
• With Feynman as proxy, mainstream obviously cannot
help us out here. Notice the lines “wiggle”, this is
from the sine-wave idea.
What happens when electricity goes
around a corner?
Old Words, New Words
(Language is a map of reality)
Old “N” term
Electric Current
Electric Circuit
Electronics
Conductor
Electric Charge, Q
Charging up
Integrated Circuit
‘New’ “C” Term
Energy Current
Transmission Line
Electromagnetics
Obstructor
Impedance, Z
Loading up
TL Network
Old Words, New Words
(Language is a map of reality)
Old “N” term
Canceled term
Volt
Amp
Ohm (Z, R)
Complex Impedance
Real number line
TEM wave, TEM step
‘New’ “C” Term
Concealed term
Electric ZE (?)
Magnetic ZM (?)
Ohm (Z, R)
Concealed TEM wave
Symmetric number line
???
To be continued…
• I will have trouble getting onto your talk. My
problems with the new Fuze have not been
resolved.
• Please tell the audience that I will try to listen,
and in any case listen later, and then make my
comments at
http://www.ivorcatt.co.uk/x2.htm in a few
hours [from] now.—Ivor Catt, Feb 18th, 2012