Transcript TEM Wave Electrodynamics Feb 18 2012

Reforming Electromagnetic Units, Equations,
and Concepts: An Extension of
Ivor Catt’s Theory
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Three theories of electricity- “N”, “H”, and “C”
Housecleaning electromagnetic theory
The voltage of the photon
A capacitor is a transmission line.
An inductor is a transmission line.
The TEM Waveguide
The TEM-ring electron
The TEM wave steers the thunderbolt.
A distant mountain
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Theories N(ormal), H(eaviside), C(att)
Theories N and H: "Now in Maxwell's theory [Theory N, ca 1860]
potential energy… by… electric… and kinetic or magnetic energy…
are supposed to be set up by the current in the wire. We reverse
this; the current in the wire is set up by the energy transmitted
through the medium around it...”[Theory H]-- Oliver Heaviside,
1892 (emphasis added-FB)
Theory C: “There is no electric current.” –Ivor Catt, 1976
Electric current has never been directly measured.
It is a mathematical abstraction.--FB
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Two Conductors (Obstructors) have an
“electric field” spanning them when a
“voltage difference” is present.
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The Catt Question
“The key to grasping the question is to concentrate on the electric charge -q on
the bottom conductor. The step advances one foot per nanosecond. Extra
negative charge appears on the surface of the bottom conductor to terminate
the new lines (tubes) of electric flux D which appear between the top (signal)
conductor and the bottom conductor.
“Since 1982 the question has been: Where does this new charge come from?
Sir Michael Pepper, Knighted ‘for services to Physics’, says it comes from the
south. Nobel Prizewinner Professor Josephson say it comes from the west.”—
Ivor Catt http://www.electromagnetism.demon.co.uk/cattq.htm
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The Catt Question Again
When lightning strikes near a power
line an electromagnetic pulse in
induced. Where does the electric
charge on the line come from?
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Removing Clutter from the
Theory of Electricity
“If you want to change the world,
start by cleaning your room.”
(I forget who said that-FB)
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Removing Clutter
Everything that can be said about an
electric circuit (EC) can be said about a
transmission line (TL) and vice versa.
They are one and the same.
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Removing Clutter
Permittivity and Permeability
Either use those two constants:
Z0
0 
c
1
0 
Z0c
Or use these two constants:
c
Z0 
1
0  0
0
0
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Removing Clutter
Restating the Fine-structure Constant
Old Equation
New Equation
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finestructure_constant
redshift.vif.com/JournalFiles/V14NO
4PDF/V14N4BIS.pdf

e
2
4 o c
Zo e

2h
2
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Removing Clutter
Dielectric Constant, K, aka
Relative Permittivity, εr
  r   / o
c
n

cM
o 
o  o

• The index of refraction is
the square root of the
dielectric constant.
• Substituting n for K allows a
rewrite of the basic

 
equations of electricity.

o
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Removing Clutter
Capacitance and Inductance Restated
Old Equations
New Equations
Inductance/unit length:
L
LL 
i
Zn
LL 
c
Capacitance/unit length:
QL
CL 
V
n
CL 
cZ
http://www.wbabin.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers/View/3846
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The Voltage and Electric Current of the
Photon (unity of light and electricity)
• If electricity is a TEM wave like light then light is a
TEM wave like electricity.
• Using the equations for electricity, together with
the equation EP  hf for the energy of the
photon, I only added one extra assumption:
• The photon has a non-zero length in the direction
of its travel. The length is required to manifest its
frequency.
• No assumptions about its width were needed.
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The Voltage and Electric Current of the
Photon (unity of light and electricity)
Half-cycle Pulse Photon:
iP  f P
2h
Z0
VP  f P 2hZ0
Single-cycle Photon:
iP  f P
h
Z0
VP  f P hZ0
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The measured field energies
account for all of the power
delivered to the load.
Electric current, i, doesn’t have any physical
job to do. It only acts as an accounting
device. Electric current inside a wire has
never been measured. A magnetic field is
measured outside the wire, then electric
current is hypothesized to be inside the
wire.
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Animations are at http://www.forrestbishop.4t.com
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Energies “stored” per unit length of
two conductors.
Magnetic field energy:
1
2
ub  LL I
2
Electric field energy:
ub  ud
1
2
u d  C LV
2
The energies of each field are equal, regardless of Z.
The total energy is twice of either one. This is what
led to the error of stored energy in a capacitor.
http://www.ivorcatt.com/1_1.htm
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The measured “fields” are measured and known to
move at the speed of light for the dielectric.
It is an accident of math that 2+2 = 22
• “double the electric field has led to four times the energy
because the formula for energy contains the square of the
voltage. This quadrupling is untrue, because the two
electric fields, one travelling to the right and the other to
the left, have no relationship with each other. The reality is
that each electric field contains energy u per unit length,
totalling 2u, not 4u, of electric energy. The missing energy
is contained in the invisible magnetic fields. These are
invisible because the leftwards travelling magnetic field
makes the equal rightwards travelling magnetic field
invisible to our measuring instruments.”—Ivor Catt
• http://www.ivorcatt.com/1_1.htm
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The Static Field Illusion
The water in a river moves but the river level
stays even. When the water-current is a
steady flow, a depth gauge reads a steady
depth.
The energy current, moving at the speed of light
in an electrical device, is measured with the
voltmeter and the ammeter. When the energy
current level is steady the meters stand still.
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Animations are at http://www.forrestbishop.4t.com
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THE CAPACITOR
Old Theory N model.
• A static electric field is
set up between two
metal plates. Massive
electrons arrive on one
and depart from the
other by traveling inside
of the wires.
Displacement current
accounts for the gap.
New Theory C model.
• Energy current moves
at the speed of light
through the space
around the wires,
enters the gap between
the plates, then
reciprocates back and
forth, creating the
illusion of a static
electric field.
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One of Maxwell’s errors, committed to
preserve electric current.
The common method of
deriving displacement
current. (From Griffiths,
Introduction to
Electrodynamics, p 304)
A line integral is taken
around a loop bounding
a plane within the gap of
capacitor plates. This
cannot describe any
process parallel to that
plane. The conclusion is
therefore assumed.
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Stepwise “charge” of a Capacitor
versus RC “charge”.
Fig 14.4.8 Response of open circuit
transmission line to step in voltage in
series with a high resistance. MIT, 1998,
http://web.mit.edu/6.013_book/www/
Catt, Davidson, Walton, 1978.
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A Capacitor is a Transmission Line
From http://www.ivorcatt.com/1_3.htm -
“Let us summarize the argument which erases the traditional model:
a) Energy current can only enter a capacitor at the speed of light.
b) Once inside, there is no mechanism for the energy current to slow down
below the speed of light.
c) The steady electrostatically charged capacitor is indistinguishable from
the reciprocating, dynamic model.
d) The dynamic model is necessary to explain the new feature to be
explained, the charging and discharging of a capacitor, and serves all the
purposes previously served by the steady, static model.
e) The static model, since it requires electric charge, collides with the Catt
Anomaly. “-Ivor Catt
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A Capacitor is a Transmission Line
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An electric circuit is a transmission line.
A capacitor is an open transmission line.
An inductor is a shorted transmission line.
A battery is a capacitor is a transmission line.
A diode is a capacitor is a transmission line.
A transistor is a capacitor is a transmission line.
A computer chip is a
network of electromagnetic transmission lines.
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Theory N. “A transmission line is
modeled in terms of itself.”
–Malcolm Davidson
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THE INDUCTOR
Old Theory N model.
• When electric current
moves through a wire, a
static magnetic field is set
up around that wire.
• A coil of such wire
intensifies this effect.
• This effect is instantaneous
throughout the lumped
element of inductance, L,
and in the space beyond to
infinity.
New Theory C model.
• Energy current moves at
the speed of light through
the space around the
wire.
• A coil creates a trap for
the energy current. In
contrast to the capacitor,
the electric fields of the
reciprocating TEM waves
are concealed, creating
the illusion of a static
magnetic field.
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Single-turn inductor
Part of the energy current (TEM step) from left travels
through an impedance mismatch. It finds the short on
the right and inverts. Electric fields are concealed,
magnetic fields appear doubled.
http://www.ivorcatt.com/4_5.htm
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Single-turn inductor
The algebra get complicated quickly, but a computer
program doesn’t care.
http://www.ivorcatt.com/4_5.htm
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THE WAVEGUIDE
Theory N uses Maxwell’s equations to arrive
at a physically impossible model of the TE
and TM modes in the waveguide. According
to this, the shape and speed of a Transverse
Electric (TE) wave depends on the shape of
a metal tube.
Instead, all modes can be modeled as TEM
Waves bouncing back and forth inside the
arbitrary tube, always moving at c.
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Unphysical waves in waveguide
Feynman Lectures, VII, p 24-5
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Plane wavetrains outside of waveguide
Feynman Lectures, VII, p 24-12
(see animation of TEM Waveguide)
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TEM waves bouncing through the
waveguide
From AD 1941
paper.
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Feynman on the “Swishing”
TEM Wave
• “How can this bundle of electric and magnetic fields
maintain itself? The answer is: by the combined effects
of the Faraday law, [curlE = -dB/dt], and the new term
of Maxwell, [c^2curlB = dE/dt]. They cannot help
maintaining themselves. Suppose the magnetic field
were to disappear. There would be a changing
magnetic field which would produce an electric field. If
this electric field tries to go away, the changing electric
field would create a magnetic field back again. So, by a
perpetual interplay- BY THE SWISHING BACK AND
FORTH FROM ONE FIELD TO THE OTHER- they must go
on forever. –Feynman Lectures, p 18-8, Vol II (emphasis
added-FB)
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Feynman on the “Swishing”
TEM Wave
• “I’ll tell you what I see. I see some kind of vague
shadowy, wiggling lines- here and there is an *E* and
*B* written on them somehow, and perhaps some of
the lines have arrows on them- an arrow here or there
which disappears when I look to closely at it. When I
talk about the fields swishing through space, I have a
terrible confusion between the symbols I use to
describe the objects and the objects themselves…” –
Feynman Lectures, p 20-10, Vol II (emphasis added-FB)
• With Feynman as proxy, mainstream obviously cannot
help us out here. Notice the lines “wiggle”, this is
from the sine-wave idea.
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What happens when electricity goes
around a corner?
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Wesley-Bergman-Lucas Spinning-ring
Electron
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Old Words, New Words
Language is a map of reality
Old “N” term
‘New’ “C” Term
Electric Current
Energy Current
Electric Circuit
Transmission Line (TL)
Electronics
Electromagnetics
Conductor
Obstructor
Electric Charge, Q
Impedance, Z
Charging up
Loading up
Integrated Circuit
TL Network
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Old Words, New Words
Language is a map of reality
Old “N” term
‘New’ “C” Term
Canceled term
Concealed term
Volt
Electric ZE (?)
Amp
Magnetic ZM (?)
Ohm (Z, R)
Ohm (Z, R)
Complex Impedance
Concealed TEM wave
Real number line
Symmetric number line
TEM wave, TEM step
???
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Reforming Electromagnetic Units, Equations,
and Concepts: An Extension of
Ivor Catt’s Theory
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Three theories of electricity- “N”, “H”, and “C”
Housecleaning electromagnetic theory
The voltage of the photon
A capacitor is a transmission line.
An inductor is a transmission line.
The TEM Waveguide
The TEM-wave ring electron
The TEM wave steers the thunderbolt.
A distant mountain
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