Transcript Document

Electronic Crime in Modern Business Cultures
Hiram College Online Course
By Roger Cram
PowerPoint Presentation
Atoms, Energy, and Electricity – PART IV
Remember from Part III, an alternating current
creates and alternating magnetic field. This
alternating magnetic field leaves the wire and
travels through space at the speed of light.
Source: inovateus.net
Any conductor (antenna, metal, wire, etc.) that is
crossed (struck) by this alternating magnetic field
traveling through space has created in the
conductor an alternating electric current the same
frequencies as the passing alternating
electromagnetic field.
This process of creating electricity in a wire
simply from the magnetic field coming
from another wire is called INDUCTION.
The illustration shows a coil of wire. Someone is
moving a magnet in and out and in and out of the
coil. Therefore, there is a moving magnetic field
from the magnet crossing the wire. Anytime a
moving magnetic field crosses a wire it creates and
alternating electric current in that wire.
A generator is a device
that creates electricity.
All it does is spin a
magnet around some
wires.
Source: hk-phy.org
Below, the electric generator is connected to a coil of wire. A light bulb is
connected to another coil of wire. The coil connected to the generator is not
touching the coil of wire connected to the light bulb. However, the coils are close
enough to each other that the electrometric field from the electricity flowing in the
generator coil crosses the coil of wire connected to the light bulb. The electrometric
field from the generator coil creates electricity in the light bulb coil. This is called
induction.
GENERATOR
Source: pocketnow.com
A transformer is a devices
that raises or lowers
voltage through induction.
Transformers consist of two or more coils of wire. The primary coil and the
secondary coil. Below, let’s say the primary coil has 100 volts applied to its four
coil loops. That’s 25 volts per loop (100 volts/4 coil loops = 25 volts per loop).
Now, the secondary coil has eight coil loops picking up the magnetic field from the
primary coil. At 25 volts per loop, the secondary coil has 200 volts (25 volts per
coil x 8 coils = 200 volts) This is called a step-up transformer because the primary
voltage is increased in the secondary coil.
8 loops at 25
volts per coil =
200 volts
100 volts input in
the primary coil.
4 loops = 25
volts per coil
200 volts output in
the secondary coil.
Below is pictured a step-up transformer “A” where 110 volts is applied to the
primary coil resulting in 220 volts output in the secondary coil. (110 volts / 5
coils = 22 volts per coil) The secondary coil has 10 coil loops at 22 volts per
loop = 220 volts).
Transformer “B” is a step-down transformer where the primary coil has 22 0
volts applied to 10 coil loops (220 volts / 10 coil loops = 22 volts per coil). The
secondary coil has 5 coil loops at 22 volts per loop = 110 volts output.
A
B
Telephone poles carry high
voltage wires from the
power company often
exceeding 14,000 volts. On
the pole there are stepdown transformers reducing
the voltage from 14,000 to
110 volts for use in your
home.
Schematic Diagram of a transformer. The
primary coil has nine loops. The secondary
coil has three loops. If the primary coil
had 90 volts input applied, that is 9 volts
per loop (90 volts / 9 coil loops = 9 volts
each loop). The secondary coil has three
loops at 9 volts per loop = 30 volts output.
Primary coil = 9 loops
Secondary coil = 3 loops
Cell phones, WI-FI systems in a home or in a
businesses, satellites, pagers, telephones, computers,
and even computer keyboards transmit
electromagnetic magnetic fields that travel through
space at the speed of light. All these electromagnetic
fields can be intercepted by cyber criminals.
The black magnetic strip on the back of your credit card
can sometimes be read as you pass by a very sensitive
reading device even if your credit card is still in your wallet!
Each cell phone has an electronic serial number
(ESN) that is built into the phone on an electronic
chip at the factory.
When you buy a cell phone a mobile
identification number (MIN) is assigned to the
phone at the time of activation.
The MIN identifies the subscriber and the
telephone carrier (Verizon, AT&T, Sprint) and is
tied to the ESN as a pair.
The ESN and MSN are automatically broadcast
with each call.
When you place a cell phone call, your cell phone
sends your ESN/MIN numbers in the form on an
electromagnetic wave to the nearest cell tower.
The cell phone tower receives the signal and sends it to
a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO).
The MTSO checks the ESN to make sure the customer
pays his/her cell phone bills, that the phone has not
been shut off for nonpayment, and that the ESN has
not been entered in the fraud file.
The MTSO then checks the ESM/MIN pairs of numbers
to make sure they are the proper numbers paired at
the time of phone activation.
When validation is complete, the voice connection is
established.
•Telecrooks in a parked van receive the electromagnetic ESN/MIN
signals transmitted from your phone.
•They insert the ESN/MIN pair into a new chip of a different phone.
•They then sell the phone to someone else.
•Each time someone uses that phone, you get the bill.
•Twelve phones can be cloned in one hour.
•The life span of a cloned phone used to be 40 days before it was
detected. Now it is less than three days because of technology
advancements.
•This is another example of how electromagnetic signals are used by
telecrooks and cybercriminals.
Things you should know from this presentation:
•The process of creating electricity in a wire simply from the
magnetic field coming from another wire is called INDUCTION.
•A generator is a device that creates electricity. All it does is spin a
magnet around some wires.
•A transformer is a devices that raises or lowers voltage through
induction.
•Each cell phone has an electronic serial number (ESN) that is built
into the phone on an electronic chip at the factory.
•When you buy a cell phone a mobile identification number (MIN) is
assigned to the phone at the time of activation.
•The MIN identifies the subscriber and the telephone carrier
(Verizon, AT&T, Sprint) and is tied to the ESN as a pair.
•The ESN and MSN are automatically broadcast with each call.
•Transformers consist of two or more coils of wire. The primary coil
and the secondary coil. Be able to determine the voltage per coil.
Electronic Crime in Modern Business Cultures
Hiram College Online Course
By Roger Cram
PowerPoint Presentation
The End
Atoms, Energy, and Electricity – PART IV