Engineering Design Process
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Transcript Engineering Design Process
Technology Final Review
What is Technology?
The process by which humans modify
nature to meet their needs and wants.
Engineering Design Process
1. Identify the problem
2. Set goals
3. Gather Information
4. Define Alternative Solutions
5. Select the best solution
6. Implement the Solution
Technology Systems Model
INPUT
The
command we
give the
system
PROCESS
The action part
OUTPUT
4 Types:
7 Resources – People, Information,
Materials, Tools and Machines, Capital,
Energy, Time
FEEDBACK
Expected and desired
Expected and undesired
Unexpected and desired
Enexpected and undesired
7 Resources
People:
Creators and users of technology
Provide labor, knowledge and skill
Information:
Knowing what to do and how to do it.
7 Resources
Tools and Machines:
Tools: extend human capabilities
Machines: change the amount, speed or
direction of force
Capital
Any form of wealth
7 Resources
Time:
A unit measure for seconds, minutes, days,
etc
Materials
The stuff the stuff is made from. (i.e. wood,
metals, ceramics)
Energy
The ability to do work.
Materials
Properties
Strength – tension, compression, torsion,
shear
Elasticity
Hardness
Fatigue
Types of Materials
Wood:
Hardwood : tree that loses its leaves
Softwood: coniferous trees
Plastics: synthetic material in long polymer
chains
Thermoplastic: formed using heat and
pressure
Thermoset: heated and formed once.
Types of Materials
Metals: organic elements from the Earth
Alloys: mixture of two or more metals
Tin and copper = bronze
Types of Materials
Ceramics:
inorganic, nonmetallic minerals like clay, sand
and quartz
Composites:
Combining two or more materials to make a
material better than the original
Materials Processing
Separating
Combining
Forming
Conditioning
Separating
Removing pieces of material
Chip producing and chipless
Examples
Sawing
Shearing
Drilling
Grinding
Combining
Joining materials together
Mechanical
Screws, nails, staples.
Chemical
Gluing
Heat
welding
Forming
Changing the shape of the material
Bending
Casting – making jello or ice cubes
Forging – hammering into shape
Extruding – squeeze through a die like
toothpaste from a tube
Conditioning
Changing the internal structure of the
material
Baking cookies or cakes
Hardening
Tempering
Annealing
Finishing
Adding a protective coating to exterior of
the product.
Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but can be changed from one form to
another
Potential: energy at rest
Kinetic: energy in motion
Forms of Energy
Mechanical: energy of motion
Thermal: heat energy
Electrical: flow of electrons
Chemical: energy from a chemical reaction
Nuclear: splitting or fusing atoms
Light (Radiant): energy from photons like
the sun
Energy
Renewable: energy from things that can
be grown and replaced
Non-Renewable: Fossil fuels
Alternative Energy
Solar : energy from the sun
Wind:
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Tidal
BioMass
Newtons Laws of Motion
1st Law – Inertia
An object at rest will stay at rest, and an
object in motion will stay in motion, unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force
Newton’s Laws of Motion
2nd Law –
F=MA
Force = Mass x Acceleration
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s 3rd Law
For every action there is an equal, and
opposite reaction.
Forces
Tension: pulling force
Compression: squeezing force
Torsion: twisting force
Shear: cutting force
Simple Machines
Wedge
Inclined Plane
Screw
Wheel and Axle
Lever
Pulley
Types of Levers
Types of Levers
Types of Levers