Transcript File - Damonte Ranch AP Human Geography

Different Kinds of Agriculture
Subsistence (LDC)


Shifting Cultivation
Commercial (MDC)

Dairy

Slash-and-burn

Grain

Pastoral nomadism

Livestock

Mediterranean

Commercial gardening

Aquaculture

Plantation (LDCs)
Intensive wet rice and non-rice
dominant

Lots of work
Shifting Cultivation
(Extensive)

Largest percentage
world’s land area

Two types


Slash-and-burn

Pastoral nomadism
of
Criticisms

Upsets ecology
(desertification)

Destroys natural resources

Uses a lot of land & produces little food

Soil shows negative effects for years after
Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

Humid, low-latitude climates

South America, Sub-Saharan Africa & Southeast Asia
Pastoral Nomadism
(Extensive)

Dry climates

North Africa, Middle East, North & West China

Herding domesticated animals

Nomads = migratory

Trade animal products for food (predominantly grain)
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Transhumance
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Seasonal migration
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Various climates


South Asia & East Asia
Largest percentage of world’s
people

Densely populated areas


Small plots of land


East, South & Southeast Asia
Virtually no land wasted
Little to no machinery
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Wet Rice Dominant
Wet Rice Not Dominant

Seedling grown in nursery

Field plowed by animals


Transplant seedling


Flood field (sawah)

Northern China, India

Double-cropping

Dominant crop: Wheat

Also, barley, corn, etc.

Climate
Low rain levels
Harsh winters
Plantation Farming
(Intensive)

Warm/humid climates

Commercial Agriculture

LDCs

Central & South America, Africa &
Asia

Specializes in one or two crops

Latin America = coffee,
sugarcane, bananas

Asia = rubber & palm oil

https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=OTVE5iPMKLg
How Green is Your Coffee?
http://fairtradeusa.org/what-is-fair-trade
Mixed Crop & Livestock
(Intensive)

Warm or cold mid-latitude climates

1. Most crops go to animals

Feedlot

2. Animals produce manure

3. Manure used to improve soil fertility to grow more crops

Land


Income


To crops
Animal products
U.S. = corn, soybeans

Corn Belt = Ohio to Dakotas
Dairy Farming
(Intensive)


Cold mid-latitude climates (generally)

Northern U.S. (from New England to upper Midwest)

Western & Northern Europe

SE Australia & Northern New Zealand
Milkshed

Closer to milkshed = more milk

Farther from milkshed = more butter, cheese, dried, evaporated milk
Grain Farming
(Intensive)

Dry or warm mid-latitude climates

Products


Top producers


Wheat, rice, corn, oats,
barley
China & India
Top exporters
U.S. (by far)
1.
Wheat Belt
1.
1.
Winter = Kansas, Colorado & Oklahoma
2.
Spring = Dakotas, Montana & Saskatchewan
2.
Canada
3.
Argentina
4.
Australia
5.
France
Livestock Ranching
(Extensive)

Dry climates

Same as Nomadic Pastoralism

Differences



Not nomadic, commercial vs. subsistence
Livestock Fattening (Feedlot)
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Fatten cattle & hogs for slaughter
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Efficient? 21 lbs grain = 1 lb edible meat
U.S.

Expanded in 1860s

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Cattle drives from Texas to railroads
Livestock vs. Sedentary farming

“Range wars”

Barbed wire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_pLy7Gjlww
Mediterranean Agriculture
(Intensive)


Warm mid-latitude climates

Southern Europe, North Africa, western Asia, California, central Chile,
SW South Africa, SW Australia

Moisture & mild winters

Hot & dry summers
Horticulture


Fruits, vegetables, flowers
Tree crops
Commercial Gardening
(Intensive)

Humid climate


And access to markets
“Market Gardening” or Truck farming

Truck = “to carry” or “to exchange”

Southeast

Northeast

“Specialty Farming”

Asparagus, peppers, mushrooms, strawberries, etc.
Fishing & Aquaculture
(Intensive…..unless)

Globally, fish supply just 6% of the protein people consume –
but in East Asia it’s over 25%.

The world’s oceans are divided into 18 major fishing regions.
Most – especially in the North Atlantic, and East China Sea –
have been badly overfished.

As a result, aquaculture – “fish farming” – has become very
important.

https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_barber_how_i_fell_in_love_wi
th_a_fish?language=en