Transcript kibera gcse revision 2013 - School

A case study of:
Rural to urban migration from
West Kenya to Kibera, a
shanty town in Nairobi
&
The problems faced by large
scale in-migration, Kibera, a
shanty town in Nairobi
• The movement of people from countryside
areas to cities is called rural-to-urban
migration.
LOCATION
• People are moving from the Nyanza
region around Lake Victoria in West Kenya
to Kibera a shanty town in Nairobi.
• Look carefully at the following map.
The Causes of Rural to Urban
Migration in Kenya
Migration of the Luo ethnic
group from West Kenya to
Kibera:
People move away from a place for two
reasons:
• Push factors are those which make
people want to move away from a place.
• Pull factors are those which draw people
to a new place.
% of Population living in Poverty
• Kenya Total : 47%
• Urban Poverty : 34% (Nairobi)
• Rural Poverty : 50% (West Kenya)
• The Luo and Turkana in the west of Kenya
near Lake Victoria are now the main
migrants into Kiberia.
• The Luo are an ethnic group in western Kenya
• The Luo are the third largest ethnic group in Kenya.
• The main Luo livelihood is fishing, farming and pastoral
herding. Many work as tenant fishermen, small scale
farmers, and urban workers.
• The area of west Kenya has been ravaged by AIDS and
with little or no infrastructure, the Luo-populated regions
remained poor and undeveloped, despite the economic
potential of nearby Lake Victoria.
• Malnutrition amongst these communities are indeed
high; one study estimates that 40.2% of children in
fishing communities have stunted growth.
AGRICULTURAL CHANGE
• Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for Kenya’s
poor people. Seven out of ten Kenyans cultivate crops,
raise livestock or engage in fishing and forestry.
• Kenya main export is tea and coffee . Agriculture
account for more than 50 per cent of GDP, 80 per cent of
export earnings.
• Since the early 1990s, Agriculture has modernise and
this has but small-scale, poor farmers at a
disadvantage. Droughts and low prices for the cash –
crops exported, such as coffee, have contributed to
difficulties.
• A tea plantation worker works for 9hrs a day to earn
around 45p a day. Some plantations provide
accommodation and schools, many do not.
Poor rural infrastructure (roads, rail etc)
Access to Water
• Only about 46 per cent of rural people have
access to clean water.
• Since 1980 rapid deforestation has shrunk the
country’s forest cover, now occupying only 2 per
cent of the land, increased overgrazing has led
to removal of vegetation cover. All of these
factors have contributed to declining water
catchment capacity and more severe flood and
drought conditions. This, together with a growing
population, means that per capita water
availability in Kenya is only about one tenth that
of the of Uganda and Tanzania.
Fuel wood supply and demand
balance
Soil Erosion
Disease
• People living in the rural, isolated, and
undeveloped areas of Kenya are particularly
susceptible to contracting diseases. Because
these areas lack adequate services,
infrastructure, and on-site healthcare, efforts to
control the transmission of disease are difficult.
Human factors such as poor hygiene further aid
the spread of disease, making some diseases
more common. To change these cultural
patterns, human behavior must be modified.
Effect on village/villagers left
behind.
Using the double page spread to help, think of the
effects on the village left behind by rural
depopulation.
•First write the disadvantages of rural
depopulation for the village left behind.
•Then write the advantages of rural depopulation
for the village left behind.
For each advantage or disadvantage you need to
label whether it is an economic, social or
environmental factor.
Problems in Kibera
• Go through the next 4 slides and fill in the
spider diagram of the problems faced in
Kibera.
• Highlight to show social, economic and
environmental problems
Solutions to Kibera’s problems
• Use the next 2 slides or your booklet to fill
in your GCSE revision notes.