Transcript Chapter 19

Introduction
Section 1:
The Economy
Section 2:
People and Their
Environment
Visual Summary
North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central Asia
contain a large share of the
world’s oil and natural gas
reserves. A study of the
region today will explain
how its natural resources
influence the global
economy and what
challenges the region
faces, including water
scarcity, political instability,
and destructive wars.
Section 1:
The Economy
Changes occur in the
use, distribution, and
importance of natural
resources. Large oil and
natural gas reserves have
brought tremendous
economic growth to some
of the region’s countries
and have affected its
relations with other world
regions.
Section 2: People and
Their Environment
Human actions modify
the physical
environment. Throughout
the region, new
technologies and
destructive wars have
created many
environmental problems.
The Economy
North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central Asia’s
large oil and natural gas
reserves have brought
economic growth to some
of the region’s countries
and have affected its
relations with other
regions.
The Economy
• arable
• landlocked
• commodity
• embargo
• crude oil
• petrochemical
• economic
• energy
• strategic
The Economy
A. Istanbul
B. Gulf of Aqaba
C. Strait of Hormuz
D. Baku
E. Batumi
The Economy
Petroleum is also
referred to as what?
A. Black earth
B. Black gold
C. Black oil
A. A
B. B
0% C.0%C
A
B
0%
C
Economic Activities
Economic activities in North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia are
influenced by oil, natural gas, and water.
• Only a small part of the region’s land is arable, yet a
large percentage of the population works in
agriculture.
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Agriculture and fishing:
– Cereal crops
– Citrus fruits
– Grapes
– Olives
– Dates
– Cotton
Economic Activities (cont.)
– Silkworms
– Potatoes
– Tea
– Sardines
– Mackerel
Total Land Area vs.
Arable Land (selected countries)
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Industry:
– Petroleum and oil products
– Natural gas
– Coal and copper mining
North Africa, Southwest Asia,
Central Asia: Economic Activity
Economic Activities (cont.)
• Service industries:
– Banking, real estate, and insurance industries
– Tourism
How much of the world’s oil
supply comes from this region?
A. 30%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 60%
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Transportation and Communications
Advancements in transportation and
communications are improving throughout
the region, but the physical environment
and government control have limited some
development.
• Road systems are unevenly distributed across the
region.
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
• Some governments have built rapid-transit
systems and railroads.
• The growth of the air travel industry has benefited
the region.
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
• Water transportation is vital to the region:
– The Strait of Tiran
– The Strait of Hormuz
– The Suez Canal
Waterways and Oil Pipelines
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
• Pipelines are another important transportation
system.
• Communications:
– Television and radio broadcasting is
expanding, although government control still
limits programming in some areas.
– Wireless service and solar-powered
radiophones are bringing telephone service to
more people.
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
– Cell phones are common in major cities.
– Some areas have computer and Internet
access.
Transportation and Communications
(cont.)
• Two new silk roads:
– Telecommunications highway (cable that
follows the Silk Road)
– Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia
(TRACECA) also follows the Silk Road.
Which landforms make
building roads difficult
in this region?
A. Mountains and deserts
0%
D
0%
A
D. Tundra and deserts
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Lakes and forests
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Rivers and mountains
Trade and Interdependence
Interdependence among the countries of
North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central
Asia is growing, as is the region’s
interdependence with the rest of the world.
• Good transportation and communications networks
are increasing the interaction between countries in
this region.
Oil Reserves in North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia, 2006
Trade and Interdependence (cont.)
• More developed countries are lending money to
less developed countries.
• The U.S.-Central Asia trade council has
strengthened relationships.
• Eight of the region’s oil-producing countries have
become a majority of OPEC.
World Oil Prices, 1980–2006
During the 1970s, OPEC placed
an embargo on shipments of
oil to the U.S. for what reason?
A. For aiding Israel
0%
D
A
D. None of the above
0%
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. For invading Kuwait
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. For refusing to export
products to Iraq
People and Their
Environment
Throughout the region,
new technologies and
destructive wars have
created many
environmental problems.
People and Their
Environment
• aquifer
• desalination
• capacity
• project
• regime
People and Their
Environment
A. Aswān High Dam
B. Elburz Mountains
C. Aral Sea
People and Their
Environment
Do you know which country has the most
problems in this region?
0%
0%
0%
D
D. Egypt
0%
A
C. Afghanistan
A
B
C
D
C
B. Iran
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
A. Iraq
Managing Resources
Growing populations in North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia severely
strain the already scarce water resources.
• Water resources:
– Rivers
– Oases
– Aquifers
Managing Resources (cont.)
• Desalination is an important process in order to
meet the need for freshwater.
• Libya’s Great Man-Made River is an ambitious
effort to supply freshwater.
The Importance of Freshwater in North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
The region has about which
percentage of the world’s
freshwater-production capacity?
A. 30%
0%
D
0%
A
D. 60%
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. 50%
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. 40%
Human Impact
New technologies and destructive wars have
increased environmental problems in North
Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia.
• Positive impact of the Aswān High Dam:
– Controls the Nile’s floods
– Irrigates around 3 million acres of land
Human Impact (cont.)
– Supplies some of Egypt’s electricity
– Created the world’s largest human-made lake,
Lake Nasser
Human Impact (cont.)
• Negative impacts of dam:
– Loss of alluvial soil
– The land retains salt.
– The health of people and their livestock
suffers.
Human Impact (cont.)
• Negative impacts of war effecting the
environment:
– Iraqi troops set fire to 700 oil wells.
– Iraqi troops dumped about 250 million gallons
of oil into the Persian Gulf.
– Recent oil slick damaged Lebanese coast and
Mediterranean Sea
Human Impact (cont.)
• Three seas troubled by environmental problems:
– The Caspian Sea
– The Aral Sea
– The Dead Sea
Human Impact (cont.)
• Nuclear and chemical dangers:
– Kazakhstan was once home to Soviet nuclear
bases and heavy industry, and is still severely
affected by radiation and pollution.
– People in Kyrgyzstan also suffer from
pollution.
Radioactive and Chemical
Hazards in Central Asia
What percentage of the Dead Sea’s
feeder rivers is diverted for irrigation
and hydroelectric plants?
A. 60%
0%
D
0%
A
D. 90%
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. 80%
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. 70%
Black Gold!
•
The region of North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central
Asia contains more oil than
all other world regions
combined.
•
As more and more countries
become industrialized, the
demand for oil has increased,
making countries with large
oil reserves very wealthy.
•
Most of the oil-producing
countries in the region have
joined OPEC and help set the
supply and price of oil around
the world.
Water in the Desert?
the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus
arable
suitable for growing crops
commodity
goods produced for sale
crude oil
unrefined petroleum
petrochemical
chemical product derived from
petroleum or natural gas
landlocked
enclosed or nearly enclosed by land
embargo
a ban on trade
aquifer
underground water-bearing layers of
porous rock, sand, or gravel
desalination
the removal of salt from seawater to
make it usable for drinking and
farming
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