Transcript Urban Notes

Athens, Greece
Singapore
HOLD ON THIS IS A BIG
ONE!!!
URBANIZATION…
• Centers of business & culture.
• Birthplace of innovation
• Catalysts of social change.
Characteristic of
the city or city life.
Characteristic
of “the country”
or country life.
Urban or rural?
Urban or rural?
Urban or rural?
Urban or rural?
Catalhoyuk
The oldest known city was founded in
approximately 7,500 B.C. in what is now Turkey
Catalhoyuk
Explain the design
of this city.
What are some reasons for building a city
in a particular location?
Hampton, Virginia
Two reasons for locating a city in a
particular location?
The physical characteristics of
the location.
The location of a city relative to
resources, transportation routes,
etc.
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Hilltop site
Athens, Greece
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Hilltop site
Jerusalem, Israel
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Harbor site
Alexandria, Egypt
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Island site
Paris
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Island site
Hong Kong
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Harbor & island site
New York City
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Confluence site: Where two rivers come together.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Allegheny River
Ohio River
Monagahela River
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Site where river narrows.
Ottawa and Quebec
City, Canada
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Site where river narrows.
London, England
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Fall line site
Richmond, Virginia
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Fall line site
Richmond, Virginia
Boats cannot
navigate further
upstream than the
James River falls,
so a settlement
was made at that
location in the
early 1600s.
The physical characteristics of
the location.
Oasis site.
Damascus, Syria
The location of a city relative to
other geographic features
(resources, transportation routes)
Command of waterway.
Istanbul, Turkey
The location of a city relative to
other geographic features
(resources, transportation routes)
Cities that grew up along trade routes.
The location of a city relative to
other geographic features
(resources, transportation routes)
Cities that grew up along trade routes.
Samarkand, Uzbekistan
The Silk Road
The location of a city relative to
other geographic features
(resources, transportation routes)
Cities that grew up along trade routes.
Cape Town, South Africa
The location of a city relative to
other geographic features
(resources, transportation routes)
coal + iron = steel
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Site
• Harbor: NYC, Alexandria, Istanbul
• Island: Paris (Seine River), Hong Kong,
Singapore, NYC
• Fall line: Richmond
• Confluence: Khartoum, Pittsburgh
• Hilltop: Athens, Rome, Jerusalem
• Oasis: Damascus, Syria; Siwa, Egypt
• Where river narrows: London, Quebec
City, Ottowa
Situation
• Baghdad – Command of land between
the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
• Istanbul – Command of straits and land
bridge to Europe
• Mecca, Saudi Arabia and Varanasi,
India (Benares) – focal point of a
pilgrimage
• Cape Town, South Africa – Supply station
for ships
Mecca – focal point of
pilgrimage
Varanasi, India – Hindu
Pilgrimage
Situation – TRADE ROUTES
• Samarkand, Uzbekistan – Silk Road
• Xi’an, China – Silk Road
• Timbuktu, Mali – Trans-Saharan Trade
• Singapore – Maritime Trade
Railroads
• Transcontinental Railroad: Omaha,
Nebraska; Sacramento, California
• Novosibirsk and Vladivostok – TransSiberian Railroad
SITUATION>>>
The rise in the number of cities and the
change in lifestyle that results.
In 1950 there were two cities in the world – Tokyo,
Japan and New York City – with populations greater
than ten million. In 2015 there will be twenty-two cities
with that size population.
Examples of cities’ change
and function over time
Brazil’s Capital Moves
Cities Evolve
Pittsburgh, PA
New York City, NY
• Early function
connected to
defense, then
became steel
manufacturing
center, later shifted
to diverse services.
• As trade patterns
changed NYC changed
• Location was benefited
by transatlantic/coastal
trade and trade from the
Great Lakes region after
the Erie Canal
• Today is a worldwide
trade and finance center
Mining Towns – Ghost Towns
Ancient Athens
Athens Today
Urbanization throughout the
World
• Cities in much of the
developing world
are a place for jobs,
education, clean
water, and health
care; therefore, the
rich often live in
cities.
Nairobi – modern city core
Developed?
Photo by Beverly Miller
Shantytowns – test question
• Shantytowns (Squatter
settlements) are a
negative result of
increased urbanization.
• Housing and
employment are unable
to keep up with the
dramatic increase in
urban population.
Urbanization in the developed
world.
• Cities cause
pollution.
• They often have
poverty stricken
areas.
• Crime levels are
higher.
• Much of our poor
live in cities.
The basic facilities,
services, and
machinery needed for
a community to
function.
Examples: roads,
bridges, rail lines,
water and sewer
systems, power lines,
telecommunications
system.
Functions of Cities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Retail (stores)
Entertainment (music, drama, sports)
Government Services
Libraries, Museums, Universities
Transportation (airports, train stations)
Recreation
Residential
Problem/Challenge #1:
Transportation congestion.
As automobile traffic
increases urban roadways
become very congested.
Examples: Washington D.C.,
Atlanta, Georgia.
Problem/Challenge #2:
Segregation by wealth
Rich and poor
neighborhoods exist in
different areas isolated
from one another.
Examples: Mumbai,
India and Nairobi,
Kenya
Problem/Challenge #3:
Providing services
With more people and
buildings, essential services
such as fresh water,
sewage, garbage disposal,
schools and clinics
becomes a problem.
Examples: Lima, Peru
An emergency room in Lima, Peru.
Problem/Challenge #3:
Providing services
With more people and
buildings, essential services
such as fresh water,
sewage, garbage disposal,
schools and clinics
becomes a problem.
Examples: Lima, Peru
Problem/Challenge #3:
Providing services
With more people and
buildings, essential services
such as fresh water,
sewage, garbage disposal,
schools and clinics
becomes a problem.
Examples: Lima, Peru
Problem/Challenge #4:
Pollution
Air, water and noise
pollution increase.
Examples: Los
Angeles, Mexico City
Problem/Challenge #5: Slums
& Squatter settlements
Rapid immigration results in
large “shantytowns” on the
edges of cities in Latin
America, Africa and Asia.
Examples: Sao Paulo, Brazil
and Mumbai, India.
Problem/Challenge #5: Slums
& Squatter settlements
Rapid immigration results in
large “shantytowns” on the
edges of cities in Latin
America, Africa and Asia.
Examples: Sao Paulo, Brazil
and Mumbai, India.
Problem/Challenge #6:
Urban sprawl
Sprawl results in
conversion of
agricultural land to
urban uses especially in
North America.
Examples: Northern
Virginia, Chicago
Problem/Challenge #6:
Urban sprawl
Sprawl results in
conversion of
agricultural land to
urban uses especially in
North America.
Examples: Northern
Virginia, Chicago
“Supersprawl” in Mexico City, one of the world’s
“megacities.”
“They paved paradise and put up a
parking lot.”
Problem/Challenge #7:
Global connections vs. local
connections
In developing countries,
major cities are more
connected to regions
outside the country than
within.
Examples: Dubai, United
Arab Emirates
City: Dubai
Country: United Arab Emirates
Problem/Challenge #7:
Global connections vs. local
connections
In developing countries,
major cities are more
connected to regions
outside the country than
within.
Examples: Dubai
Problem/Challenge #7:
Global connections vs. local
connections
In developing countries,
major cities are more
connected to regions
outside the country than
within.
Examples: Dubai
Problem/Challenge #7:
Global connections vs. local
connections
In developing countries,
major cities are more
connected to regions
outside the country than
within.
Examples: Dubai
Problem/Challenge #7:
Global connections vs. local
connections
In developing countries,
major cities are more
connected to regions
outside the country than
within.
Examples: Dubai
Problem/Challenge #7:
Global connections vs. local
connections
In developing countries,
major cities are more
connected to regions
outside the country than
within.
Examples: Dubai
Urbanization of Dubai
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=jmsf0S6WW38
URBAN PROBLEMS
• Transportation congestion
• Segregation by wealth
• Providing services
• Pollution
• Slums & squatter
settlements
• Urban sprawl
• Local vs. global
connections
URBAN PROBLEMS
• Transportation congestion
• Segregation by wealth
• Providing services
• Pollution
• Slums & squatter
settlements
• Urban sprawl
• Local vs. global
connections
URBAN PROBLEMS
• Transportation congestion
• Segregation by wealth
• Providing services
• Pollution
• Slums & squatter
settlements
• Urban sprawl
• Local vs. global
connections
URBAN PROBLEMS
• Transportation congestion
• Segregation by wealth
• Providing services
• Pollution
• Slums & shantytowns
• Urban sprawl
• Local vs. global
connections
URBAN PROBLEMS
• Transportation congestion
• Segregation by wealth
• Providing services
• Pollution
• Slums & squatter
settlements
• Urban sprawl
• Local vs. global
connections
URBAN PROBLEMS
• Transportation congestion
• Segregation by wealth
• Providing services
• Pollution
• Slums & shantytowns
• Urban sprawl
• Local vs. global
connections
URBAN PROBLEMS
• Transportation congestion
• Segregation by wealth
• Providing services
• Pollution
• Slums & squatter
settlements
• Urban sprawl
• Local vs. global
connections
What good are cities?
•Centers of business & culture.
•Birthplaces of innovation and social change.
Define: urbanization
The rise in the number of cities and the
changes in lifestyle that result.
Define: urban sprawl
The conversion of agricultural land for urban
uses. (The growth of a city.)
Which problems of urbanization can be
found in North America?
• Urban sprawl
• Traffic congestion
On which continents are you least likely to find
cities with slums and squatter settlements?
• Europe and North America
Explain what “segregation by wealth” is.
The segregation of poor and wealthy people
in different sections of a city.
What fast-growing city has a focus on global
connections rather than local connections?
Dubai, UAE
Explain the site of Hampton, Virginia, New
York City and Alexandria, Egypt
Harbor sites
Explain the location of Athens, Greece and
Jerusalem, Israel
Hilltop sites
Explain the location of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
• Confluence site (two rivers coming together).
• Location near resources (iron & coal).
Explain the location of Richmond, Virginia
Fall line site
YOU ARE NOW READY FOR THE
URBAN GEOGRAPHY QUIZ!
Site and Situation?
• Why are cities
located where they
are?
• Water?
• Topography?
• Trade Routes?
• Strategic
Importance?
• Transportation?
Ancient cities were built on
hilltops – Athens & Rome
Site location was good for
defense (SECURITY)
Carcassonne, France SECURITY
Modern Cities are usually
located near water.
• Cities depend on
water as a drinking
resource,
transportation routes
for shipping, travel,
and climate.
Harbor Sites
• New York City
• Alexandria, Egypt
• Istanbul, Turkey
(also command of
straits)
• Are all harbor sites
London – Where the Thames
River Narrows
Paris – Island on the Seine
River
Confluence
Pittsburgh - Confluence
Fall line of a river - Richmond
Cape Town, South Africa
• Was a supply station
for European
(Portuguese)
travelers on their
way to Asia.
Oasis – Damascus, Syria
Mecca – focal point of
pilgrimage
Varanasi, India – Hindu
Pilgrimage
The End…
Possible Problems and Challenges
• Traffic congestion on Staunton streets and roads.
• Poor hillbillies could end up segregated in certain
parts of town. Those neighborhoods could become
run down.
• Crime could increase in certain areas of the city due
to segregation by wealth.
• Lewis Creek could become polluted as people bath
in, wash things in, and dump waste in the water.
• Temporary homes could be built quickly without
water/sewer hookups, increasing the likelihood of
the hillbillies living in unsanitary conditions.
• City garbage collectors might not be able to keep
up with trash removal.
Possible Problems and Challenges
• The Staunton police might be overwhelmed with
trying to enforce laws in a city with 20,000 more
people.
• The fire department might not be able to respond to
all emergencies.
• The hospital and other medical facilities might not
be able to provide care for all people who need it.
• A hillbilly “shantytown” could result if the people
camped in Gypsy Hill Park cannot find permanent
homes.
• As the hillbillies are able to buy permanent homes,
new housing developments could take productive
agricultural lands.
• More stores would probably be needed and open
spaces/farmland could be lost to shopping centers.