Transcript Demographic Transition

Population
Unit 2
Population
Population Terms
 Population Growth
 Population Distribution
 Population Density
 Population Characteristics
 Population Pyramids
 Demographic Transition
 Solutions to Population Growth

Population Terms
 Demography
- the study of population
characteristics
 Overpopulation- when the available
resources cannot support the
number of people
 Density - How many? The total
number of people per unit area
Population Growth
0
AD
 1803 AD
 1903 AD
 1950 AD
 1987 AD
 1998 AD
250 Million People
1 Billion People
1.6 Billion People
3.0 Billion People
5.0 Billion People
6.0 Billion People
Population Distribution

Population
Concentrations
– East Asia
– South Asia
– South East Asia
– Europe
– North America

Sparsely Populated
Regions
– dry lands
– wet lands
– high lands
– cold lands
Population
Population Terms
 Population Growth
 Population Distribution
 Population Density
 Population Characteristics
 Population Pyramids
 Demographic Transition
 Solutions to Population Growth

Arithmetic Density: The total number of
people divided by the total land area.
Arithmetic
of
Density: The total number
people divided by the total land area.
Arithmetic Density: The total number of
people divided by the total land area.
Physiological
Density: The number of people per
unit of area of arable land, which is land
suitable for agriculture.
Physiological
Density: The number of people per
unit of area of arable land, which is land
suitable for agriculture.

Agricultural Density: The number of farmers to
the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
Density
 Arithmetic
Density: The total number
of people divided by the total land area.
 Physiological Density: The number of
people per unit of area of arable
land, which is land suitable for
agriculture.
 Agricultural Density: The number of
farmers to the total amount of land
suitable for agriculture.
Population
Population Terms
 Population Growth
 Population Distribution
 Population Density
 Population Characteristics
 Population Pyramids
 Demographic Transition
 Solutions to Population Growth

Crude
Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a
year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude
Death Rate : The total number of
deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in
the society.
Natural
Increase: The percentage growth of a
population in a year, computed as the crude birth
rate minus the crude death rate.
Population Characteristics
Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live
births in a year for every 1,000 people
alive in the society.
 Crude Death Rate : The total number of
deaths in a year for every 1,000 people
alive in the society.
 Natural Increase: The percentage growth of
a population in a year, computed as the
crude birth rate minus the crude death
rate.

Population Characteristics
Fertility Rate: The average number of
children a woman will have throughout
her childbearing years.
 Doubling
Time: The number of years
needed to double a population,
assuming a constant rate of natural
increase.
Infant
Mortality Rate: - the number of
deaths of children under the age of 1, per
thousand of
the general population.
Population Characteristics
Life Expectancy : The average number of years
an individual can be expected to live, given
current social, economic, and medical
conditions.
 Population under the age of 15 - usually
shown as a percentage of the total
population of a country - dependency ages
 Population over the age of 65 - usually shown
as a percentage of the population.
dependency age

Life
Expectancy : The average number of years an
individual can be expected to live, given current
social, economic, and medical conditions.
Population
under the age of 15 - usually shown
as a percentage of the total population of a country
- dependency age is 0-15
Population
Population Terms
 Population Growth
 Population Distribution
 Population Density
 Population Characteristics
 Population Pyramids
 Demographic Transition
 Solutions to Population Growth

Population Pyramids

Inverted bar graphs that show a wide
population base (younger population) with a
narrow top (older population).

Population Pyramids show:
– Age Distributions
– Dependency Ratios of under 15 and over 65
– Sex Ratio - Male vs. Female
Categories of Population
Pyramids

Stable – population shows constant rate of
birth and death rates
– relatively steep triangular shape
– Steady growth rate
Categories of Population
Pyramids

Expanding population shows a very high
growth rate
– wide base
developing world
– Average age is very young - late teens or 20s
Categories of Population
Pyramids

Stationary population growth rate is
slowing
– base is only a bit wider than the top
– North America and Western Europe
– Average age is in the 30s

Contracting population is in decline,
death rates are greater than birth
rates
– base is narrower than the top
– Eastern Europe, Japan
– Average age is in the 40s or 50s
Developing
(poor)
Relatively Developed
Developed
(rich)
Population
Population Terms
 Population Growth
 Population Distribution
 Population Density
 Population Characteristics
 Population Pyramids
 Demographic Transition
 Solutions to Population Growth

POPULATION
PYRAMIDS
&
DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION
Demographic Transition - Stage 1
 Demographic
Transition - the change in
population characteristics of a country
to reflect medical technology or
economic and social development.
Crude Birth Rate: High
40-50 / 1,000
 Crude Death Rate: High
40-50 / 1,000
 Natural Increase Rate: None
0 / 1,000
 Today, no country in the world is in Stage 1.

Demographic Transition
Demographic Transition - Stage 2
 As
medical technology is introduced, a
population lives longer as the death rate
is lower from the rates of stage one.
Crude Birth Rate: High
40+ / 1,000
 Crude Death Rate: Lower
15 / 1,000
 Natural Increase Rate: Very High 25+/1,000

Demographic Transition - Stage 3
 As
the wealth and education of a
country increases, social norms, and
use of contraception dictate the birth of
fewer children per woman.
Crude Birth Rate: Lower
 Crude Death Rate: Low
 Natural Increase Rate: Low

20 / 1,000
10 / 1,000
10 / 1000
Demographic Transition - Stage 4
 As
the final stage in the transition of
population characteristics, the fourth
stage sees the population increase rate
again at 0. This stage reflects a highly
industrialized, educated society.
Crude Birth Rate: Low
 Crude Death Rate: Low
 Natural Increase Rate: None

10 / 1,000
10 / 1,000
0 / 1,000
Population
Population Terms
 Population Growth
 Population Distribution
 Population Density
 Population Characteristics
 Population Pyramids
 Demographic Transition
 Solutions to Population Growth

Solutions to Population Growth
 Education
 Birth
Control
 Socialization
 Abortion
 Sterilization
 Government mandate
 Population redistribution
Solutions to Population Growth
 Migration
to resource rich areas
 Empowerment of Women
 $ for contraception & education
 Improving farming techniques in poor areas
 Changing cultural norms to value girls
Solutions to Population Growth
 Addressing
traditional religious values
that may encourage gender
preference and large families
 Starvation
 Medical technology - costs of
maintaining vulnerable populations
(old & young)
 Disease
 War
Solutions to Population Growth
 Redistribution
of wealth - improve
standard of living for poor so that
children aren’t as necessary
 Addressing government policies to deal
with their growing populations
 Environmental pollution causing higher
death rates
Population
Population Terms
 Population Growth
 Population Distribution
 Population Density
 Population Characteristics
 Population Pyramids
 Demographic Transition
 Solutions to Population Growth

Population
Cultural Geography
C.J. Cox