Transcript Survey on Planning and Design of Innovation

Net Effect Ltd
Survey on planning and
design of innovation
infrastructure and
creative environments in
Baltic Metropoles
Net Effect Ltd
Sampo Ruoppila, Dr.Soc.Sc. (urban studies)
Nina von Hertzen, MA (pol.sc.)
Helsinki University of Technology, Centre
for Urban and Regional Studies
Panu Lehtovuori, Dr.Tech. (architecture)
Tallinn 6.11.2007
29.10.2007
1
Innovation and urban planning:
the linkage
• The linkage
 “The linkage between innovation policy and city planning incl. spatial development in
BaltMet Inno project means such strategies, development plans and measures related to
land use, traffic and spatial development which affect, promote and enable the process of
innovation, knowledge creation, and creativity in the metropolitan areas.”
• Innovation
 An innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or
service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business
practices, workplace organisation or external relations. (OECD)
The on-going survey (1/2)
1. Analytical screening of existing urban or regional strategies which
include elements related to development of innovation infrastructure,
and innovative and creative environments
a. How are the innovation infrastructure and development of creative industries “dealt with” in
the different strategy documents? What kinds of goals are set in the strategies? Are there
major differences between the documents?
b. After analysing the strategies of four cities, a preliminary conclusion is that few strategies
are explicit about the link (usually only science parks are mentioned within the context of
“innovation infrastructure”, and reference to “creative environments” is often not explicit)
The on-going survey (2/2)
2. Case studies
a. Description and analysis of 25 cases in 11 cities
b. Site visits to 7 cities (á 2-4 case examples): Berlin (november), Copenhagen (done),
Helsinki (on-going), Malmö (November), Riga (done), Stockholm (done), Tallinn
(November)
c. Description and analysis of 1 case example from Oslo (on-going), St. Petersburg
(undefined), Vilnius (November), Warsaw (undefined) on the development projects of
Waterfront Areas, possibly with the focus on supporting cultural activities and/or creative
industries
d. Question topics in the interviews: basic data, location versus urban structure, analytical
background of the project, strategic motivation, development process (agents, time span,
challenges), international co-operation
3. Recommendations
•
Including at least 2 project plan drafts
Mapping the concepts
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Since the field remains conceptually rather vague, the aim of this presentation
is to provide you a preliminary list of concepts linking innovation and creative
process to land-use development
These concepts are
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innovative milieu
growth corridor
thematic corridor
opportunity area
creative city
campus
science park
living lab
cultural cluster
urban fallowfield
flagship project
For illustration we use both BaltMet cases and other examples
Mapping the concepts: the axis
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
SCALE
URBAN PROJECTS
To reach the necessary conceptual clarity, we suggest
approaching the spatial underpinning of creativity
and innovation along two axis,
those of scale and policy-intensity
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
(TRANS-)NATIONAL
REGIONS
Innovative milieu
SCALE
URBAN PROJECTS
‘Innovative milieu’ is a rather large spatial area,
e.g. a region, which has had better then average
economic success. According to Maillat, the
’innovative milieu’ requires both hard
infrastructure (e.g. roads, universities) and soft
infrastructure (e.g. communication culture,
trust), which altogether explain economic
regeneration and innovations. Emilia Romagna in
Northern Italy is a classic example.
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
Medicon valley
SCALE
URBAN PROJECTS
Example of Öresund region’s
strategy to establish an
innovative milieu
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
Region metropolitan
area
Growth corridor
SCALE
Regional entrepreneurial, innovation generating
area based around a particular traffic axis. For
instance ITC agglomeration around Route 128
in Massachuset, near Boston.
URBAN PROJECTS
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
Region metropolitan
area
Thematic corridor
SCALE
Thematic corridor (Helsinki Master Plan 1992),
Opportunity area (London Plan 2004)
Planning concepts that aim to support certain
emerging zones and direct attention and
perhaps also financial support towards them.
E.g. the Art and Science axis in Helsinki
URBAN PROJECTS
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
City
Creative city
SCALE
Creative city
A concept of cultural planning that refers to a
possibility to create a ”positive (upward) spiral”
in a post-industrial city by using the ”cultural
resources” broadly and creatively (Bianchini).
E.g. the City of Culture -projects.
URBAN PROJECTS
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
Campus
A concentration of university functions (and
enterprises working broadly in the same field)
outside of the core city.
SCALE
District neighbourhood
URBAN PROJECTS
Campus
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
Science park
A concentration of high-tech companies with
common support services. Usually a planned
one. These tend to locate in green field areas
(but not necessarily).
SCALE
District neighbourhood
URBAN PROJECTS
Science park
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
SCALE
District neighbourhood
URBAN PROJECTS
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
Thematic district
A city district or neighbourhood developed under
a common theme or with reference to certain
actors, usually referring to urban regeneration.
For instance Temple Bar in Dublin, Design
District in Helsinki, or SoFo in Stockholm.
Thematic district
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
SCALE
District neighbourhood
URBAN PROJECTS
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
Living lab
A city district or otherwise geographically framed
area, in which the inhabitants or enterprises
are used as a service developers in
(commercial) R&D processes. For instance
Arabianranta in Helsinki.
Living lab
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
Cultural cluster
SCALE
Any concentration of cultural activity, though
usually geographically a rather small one with
clear and perceivable bounders. For instance
Tilburg Pop Cluster, Helsinki’s Cable Factory, or
Meat City in Copenhagen.
Cultural cluster
URBAN PROJECTS
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
Urban fallowfield
SCALE
Term used in real estate development. Refers to
leaving a property or larger area ”as it is”.
Cheap rent and attractively robust milieu
provide possibilities for new and temporary
actors possibilities that otherwise would not
exist. Usually a temporal phase in the
development cycle. For instance Northern
Quarter in Manchester.
Urban fallowfield
URBAN PROJECTS
POLICY INTENSITY
’FOUND’ REALITIES
TRANS-NATIONAL
REGIONS
SCALE
’CONSTRUCTED’ POLICIES AND
BRANDING INITIATIVES
Flagship project
A singular building, for instance a major cultural
institution, which is aimed to show the way of
development (as a locomotive) and bring a
spill-over effect in the neighbourhood
undergoing urban regeneration.
E.g. the new city library in Marseille, or the
construction of national library and new
concert hall on the left bank of Daugava river
in Riga
Flagship project
URBAN PROJECTS
The role of planning
• Inevitably these are also spatial land-use issues, but the role of urban
planning is rather to recognize, facilitate and enable them to take place
than to initiate the social processes behind the phenomena
• The three major tasks of urban planners thus are
 To facilitate the spatial prerequisites of most important actors (e.g. universities, research
institutes, start-up companies etc.) through good traffic connections, accessibility in all
forms etc.
 To establish, allow or enable suitable cheap spaces for starting companies in creative
industries (music, graphic design etc.). The formation of such spaces is often connected to
urban regeneration; changing uses of former industrial areas or equivalent. To maintain
the low rent is a typical problem, since clusters of creative industries tend to attract also
developers, which causes price pressure. Refined policies of “actively letting it be (at least
partly)” are needed.
 In both cases above, and more generally, to put a new emphasis on creating culturally
attractive, socially central environments with inviting public spaces. A perceived “attractive
urban environment” is a major feature pulling-in the demanded activity above.
Completing the survey
• Next steps in the survey
 Analysis of the remaining cases (November)
 Writing the report, including recommendations and project ideas (November-early
December)
• Sources for the recommendations and project ideas
 Best practices
 Project ideas based on thematic actor networks
 New ideas emerging from ”missing elements” of the analysed cases when these are
compared to the literature