Transcript Reading Maps - CoconinoHighSchool

Map Elements
Learner Expectation
►Content
Standard: 3.0
Geography
 3.01 Understand how to use maps,
globes, and other geographic
representations, tools, and
technologies to acquire, process and
report information from a spatial
perspective.
In this activity you will:
►Learn
about the elements of a map:
latitude, longitude, the hemispheres,
directions, time zone, scale, and map
legends.
►Practice locating position using
longitude and latitude
What is a map?
►A
generalized view of an area, usually some
portion of Earth’s surface, as seen from above
at a greatly reduced size
► Any geographical image of the environment
► A two-dimensional representation of the
spatial distribution of selected phenomena
Why make maps?
► To
represent a larger area than we can
see
► To show a phenomenon or process we
can’t see with our eyes
► To present information concisely
► To show spatial relationships
Who make maps?
►Cartography:
the science and
practice of making maps.
►From Greek meaning chartes or
charax = sheet of papyrus
(paper) and graphein = to
write.
Map Types
Aeronautical & Navigational Charts
City/Street Maps
Ecological Inventory
Fire Insurance Maps
Forest Maps
Geologic & Hydrologic Maps
Highway/Road Maps
Outline Maps
Parks & Recreational Maps
Political Maps
Soil Maps
Topographic Maps
Weather Maps
The World Physical
► Physical
maps show what the surface of the
Earth looks like.
Oceans of the World
► The
world has four major oceans.
► Atlantic
Arctic
ocean
► Pacific
► Arctic
► Indian
Pacific
ocean
Atlantic
ocean
Indian
ocean
Global Climates
► Arctic
and Antarctic with cold weather,
so we could make the observation that
the climate at the poles is cold. This
map shows the general climate regions
of the world.
World Religions
► Religious
beliefs help define a people’s
culture, so to understand a people, it is
important to consider what religions
influence that group.
Map scale
►
►
►
►
►
Ratio of the distance on the map to the
distance on the ground
Scale is a fraction
Larger area covered means larger
denominator
Larger denominator means smaller
fraction
So a large-scale map covers a small
area
Large-scale
Small-scale
Map scale
►
1.
►
►
Ratio of the distance on the map to the
distance on the ground
Graphic:
Stays the same when photocopied
Might not be right for the whole map
Scale
Map scale
2.
Verbal:
1 inch equals 10 miles
►
►
Easy to understand
Can change if photocopied
Map scale
3.
Representative fraction or ratio:
1:24,000
►
Units don’t matter
Can change if photocopied
►
Map symbolization
►
►
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Symbols are a code instead of text
Three kinds: point, line, area
Consider shape, size, orientation,
pattern, color, value
Map symbolization
►
►
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Symbols are a code instead of text
Three kinds: point, line, area
Consider shape, size, orientation,
pattern, color, value
Point symbols
►
►
►
Every symbol counts as one occurrence
Qualitative points
 Indicate location
 Can also describe that location
Quantitative points
 Show a distribution
 Indicate a value (graduated symbols)
Indicate location
Describe location
Show a
distribution
Indicate a value
Line symbols
►
►
►
►
One-dimensional
Mostly taken for granted (borders,
roads)
Contour connect same values
Flow-line maps indicate value by width
of line
(Contour
lines)
Latitude and Longitude
►The
earth is divided into lots of lines
called latitude and longitude.
Lines
► Latitude
(shown as a horizontal line) is the
angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and
seconds of a point north or south of the
Equator. Lines of latitude are often referred
to as parallels.
Latitude
Lines
► Longitude
(shown as a vertical line) is the
angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and
seconds, of a point east or west of the
Prime (Greenwich) Meridian. Lines of
longitude are often referred to as meridians.
Longitude
Where is 0 degree?
►The
equator is 0 degree latitude.
►It is an imaginary belt that runs
halfway point between the North Pole
and the South Pole.
Where is 0 degree?
►The
equator is 0 degree latitude.
►It is an imaginary belt that runs
halfway point between the North Pole
and the South Pole.
Equator
Where is 0 degree?
► The
prime meridian is 0 degrees
longitude. This imaginary line runs through
the United Kingdom, France, Spain, western
Africa, and Antarctica.
P
M
E
R
R
I I
D
► The prime meridianMis 0
I degrees
longitude. This imaginary
E A line runs through
N
the United Kingdom, France,
Spain, western
Where is 0 degree?
Africa, and Antarctica.
Hemispheres
►By
using the equator and prime
meridian, we can divide the
world into four hemispheres,
north, south, east, and west.
Compass
►A compass is a tool that helps
the user know what direction
one is headed.
►On a map, a compass or a
compass rose helps the user
locate these directions.
Compass Rose
► The
needle on a compass is
magnetized to point to the earth's
north magnetic pole. Thus with a
compass, a person can roughly tell
which direction they are headed.
► There are four major or cardinal
directions on a compass- north,
south, east & west. In between are
the directions northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest.
Directions
► The
cardinal directions are north, south,
east, and west.
► The intermediate directions are northeast,
southeast, southwest and northwest.
► They help describe the location of places in
relation to other places.
Time Zones
►The
Earth is divided into 24 time
zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a
day.
►As the earth rotates, the sun shines in
different areas, moving from east to
west during the course of a day.
►Places that have the same longitude
will be in the same time zone.
Map Legends
► The
legend is the key to unlocking the
secrets of a map. Objects or colors in the
legend represent something on the map.
Religions
Legend
Can you understand this legend?
Age Expectancy
Legend