Transcript Ch1 section 1 - Mr. Hunter Social Studies

Toward Civilization
Prehistory - 3000 BC
Bell Ringer
• To put it simply, history
began when man began to
document events in writing.
• What is meant “ Toward
Civilization?”
Top 10 Archaeological
Discoveries
Bell Ringer
ARCHAEOLOGY
WHAT IS IT?
WHO DOES IT?
WHAT DO THEY
DO?
WHY DO THEY DO
IT?
HISTORY
GEOGRAPHY
Understanding Our Past
Prehistory refers to the long period
of time before people invented
systems of writing. Prehistoric
people had no cities, countries,
organized central governments, or
complex inventions.
About 5,000 years ago, some people
in different parts of the world began
to keep written records, thus
marking the beginning of recorded
history.
How do we learn about early peoples?
Archaeologists and historians help
us learn about the past.
Archaeology is the study of the
ways of life of early peoples
through the examination of their
physical remains.
Archaeologists have learned about
the human past by studying
artifacts, or objects made by
people. Artifacts include tools,
weapons, pottery, clothing, and
jewelry.
Archaeologists at Work
By studying thousands of items, archeologists have traced
how early people developed new technologies.
Technology refers to the skills and tools people use to
meet their basic needs.
Archaeologists themselves use modern technology to
support their findings:
Computers store and sort data
Physicists measure radioactivity to determine the age of objects
Geologists determine the age of nearby rocks to help date rocks
Botanists and zoologists examine seeds and animal bones to learn about
the diet of early people
Biologists analyze human bones, as well as bloodstains found on old
weapons
Working Together
• Archaeologists are scientists who learn about early
people
• study traces of early settlements, prehistoric people
• figure out the age, meaning of artifacts—humanmade objects
• Anthropologists study culture—way of life of a group
of people
• study beliefs, common language, shared ways of
doing things
How do archaeologists uncover the story of
early
peoples?
Studying Fossils
• Evidence of early people can be found in
fossils
• fossils—remains of early life preserved in
ground
• human fossils include pieces of teeth, skulls,
other bones
• Archaeologists try to fi gure out ages of fossil
remains, artifacts
Historians at Work
Historians also study how people lived in
the past. Like archaeologists, historians
study artifacts. However, they rely even
more on written evidence, such as letters
or tax records. Historians also use such
evidence as photographs or films.
Historians…
evaluate the evidence to determine if it
is reliable.
interpret the evidence, explaining what
it means.
try to give a straightforward account of
events
One of The Greatest
Archeologist findings
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aF3z4FcZe
gA
Geography and History Linked?
Geography is the study of people,
their environments, and the
resources available to them. It is
a key to understanding history
because it shows us the
connections between people,
places, and events.
Five themes sum up the impact
of geography on the human
story…
LOCATION,LOCATION,LOCATION
Location: A location is a place where something is
or could be located. It asks the question “Where is
it?”
Location (continued…)
Every place has a(n)…
• Absolute Location
• Relative Location
(a specific place on the Earth’s
surface)
– A latitude and longitude
(global location) or a street
address (local location)
(where a place is in relation to
another place)
– Described by landmarks,
time, direction or
distance. From one
place to another.
PLACE
All places have characteristics that give them meaning
and character and distinguish them from other places on
Earth. Geographers describe places by their physical and
human characteristics.
Physical Characteristics:
Human Characteristics:
• Landforms
• Bodies of water
• Ecosystems
•
•
•
•
People
Culture
Language
Religion
Physical Characteristics:
Human Characteristics:
PEOPLE INTERACTING
W/ENVIRONMENT
Human/Environment Interaction: In studying
human/environment interaction, geographers look at
all the effects-positive and negative- that occur when
people interact with their surroundings. For example,
people…
depend on it
Ex: People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.
modify it
Ex: People modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort
adapt to it
Ex: We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and
winter (coats), rain and shine.
Movement:
People interact with other people, places, and things
almost every day of their lives. They travel from one
place to another, they communicate with each other,
and they rely upon products, information, and ideas
that come from beyond their immediate environment.
Regions:
A basic unit of geographic study is the region, an area on
the earth’s surface that is defined by certain unifying
characteristics. When places have certain characteristics
(human, physical, cultural) in common, geographers can
classify them as regions.
"Otzi the Iceman" part 1: beginning to 8:50
"OTZI THE ICEMAN" PART 2: 1:52
TO 14:56