Transcript Population Geography

Population
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Population density is the measure of the number per unit area. It is
commonly represented as people per square mile. which is derived
simply by dividing... total area population / land area in square miles
Kolkata, India
Rajasthan, India
Overpopulation is when there are too many people relative
to available resources. Simple density is not the
determinant.
World and Country Population
Totals
Distribution and Structure: 3/4 of people live on 5% of
earth's surface!
Total: 7,059,735,689 as of now.
Five most populous regions and countries
REGION





POPULATION
East Asia 1.6 billion
South Asia1.5 billion
Europe
1 billion
SE Asia 600 million
Canada 27.5 million
COUNTRY
China
India
U.S.
Indonesia
Brazil
POPULATION
1.3 billion
1.1 billion
300 million
250 million
188 million
Human Population
Growth
How many people will the planet eventually support?
The U.S. Census Bureau and the United Nations Statistics
Division both agree that world population will level off
somewhere between 9 and 11 billion people and then start
to fall.
Rates of Natural Increase
Doubling Time
• How long will it take for a population
of a given area to double in size?
• Doubling time assumes the
population will grow at a given annual
rate
• Approximated by dividing the annual
rate of population increase into 70
World = 50
U.S. = 35
MDC = 550
LDC = 40
Honduras = 22
Denmark = 700
Russia = never?
Source: National Geographic Magazine
Example: Bangladesh
70 / R.N.I. => 70/2.09 = 33.5 years
Bangladesh with a population of
144.3 million people in 2005 will
have approximately 288.6
million people in 2038, if the
population continues to grow at
current rates.
Total Fertility Rate 2006
Total Fertility Rate 1950
Infant Mortality Rate – the number of deaths of children under the age
of one per thousand live births. The rate ranges from as low as 3
(Singapore, Iceland) to as much as 150 (Sierra Leone, Afghanistan). The
U.S. rate is just over 6. High infant mortality tends to result in higher
fertility rates as families seek “insurance” for the loss of children.
World Death Rates
 Epidemiological
Transition is the shift from
infectious to degenerative diseases that
occurs with development.
 Infectious diseases (developing world)
– HIV/AIDS
– SARS
– Malaria
– Cholera
 Degenerative
– Obesity
– Tobacco use
diseases (developed countries)
Life Expectancy
Rapid increase
throughout world
 Infant mortality rate
declining in most
countries
 Antibiotics/immunization
 Increasing standards of
living

Life Expectancy
Demographic Transition Model
- was highly predictive for most countries
Demographic Transition Model

Stage one (preindustrial/pre-agricultural)
– Crude birth/death rate high
– Fragile, but stable, population

Stage two (improved agriculture and medicine)
– Lower death rates
– Infant mortality rate falls
– Natural increase very high

Stage three (attitudes change)
– Indicative of richer developed countries
– Higher standards of living/education
– Crude birth rate finally falls

Stage four
– Crude birth/death rates low
– Population stable
– Populations aging
Population pyramids are used to show information about
the age and gender of people in a specific country.
Male
Female
There is
also a high
Death
Rate.
In this
country
there is a
high Birth
Rate
Population in millions
This population pyramid is typical of
countries in poorer parts of the world
(LEDCs.)
In some LEDCs the
government is
encouraging couples to
have smaller families.
This means the birth
rate has fallen.
Male
Female
The largest
category of
people were
born about
40 years
ago.
In this
country the
number of
people in each
age group is
about the
same.
Population in millions
In this country there is a low Birth Rate
and a low Death Rate.
This population pyramid is typical of
countries in the richer parts of the world
(MEDCs.)
Male
Female
Population in millions
In this
country the
birth rate is
decreasing.
This is happening
more and more in
many of the world’s
richer countries.
In the future the
elderly people will make
up the largest section
of the population in this
country.
Male
Female
Population in thousands
This country has a large
number of temporary
workers. These are people
who migrate here especially
to find a job.
Population pyramid for
Mozambique.
What type of
countries are
represented here?
Population pyramid for
Iceland.
What happens next?
What is going to happen to Japan’s population
in the future?
Why does this matter?
?
?
?
Population and Resource
Consumption
Technology, Energy Consumption, and
Environmental Impact
There has been a dramatic increase in:
• individual energy use over time: 3,000 kcal/person 300,000 kcal/person
• the power of technology to change the environment:
think stone axe versus bulldozer versus atomic bomb.
• The scope and severity of environmental impacts.
Demographics
characteristics of
human populations
and population
segments
MOVEMENT
WHY DO
WE MOVE?
PUSH FACTORS (things that would push us to leave the area)
Cost of living – a house in Cali costs $450,000
Weather and Climate- Texas in August
Environmental Catastrophes – tsunami, earthquakes, hurricanes
Personal Safety – WAR, plague, famine
Emigration/Emigrant
PULL FACTORS
(things that would pull us want to an area)
availability of jobs
religious or political freedom
Safety
Immigration/Immigrant
Where do we move to?
Rural
Mexico City
Urban
8th largest city in the World
Pop. 18,836,045
The End