Transcript The Thirteen Colonies - Effingham County Schools

The Thirteen
Colonies
• During the 1600’s and 1700’s, many English
settlers moved to North America.
• People believed that they had a better chance to
make a living in North America or to find
freedoms that they did not have at home.
• These settlers established the 13 Colonies.
• The 13 colonies are located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
• The Appalachian Mountains formed a natural boundary to the west
of the colonies.
The geography and climate of the 13 colonies
separated them into 3 different regions:
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
New England Colonies
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire
• New England’s geography was shaped by glaciers
during the Ice Age. As glaciers moved they cut
deep valleys through the mountains and left a
thin, rocky layer of dirt.
• The rocky, sandy land made it difficult to farm.
• The regions and rugged mountains made it hard
to find good farmland.
• The climate also affected farming. Summers
were warm but winters were long and very cold.
This made the growing season short (late May to
early October).
• Farming was hard, but the area had many natural resources. The
resources helped the colonists make a living. They used the wood
from the forest to build buildings and ships. They caught fish and
whales to use for food and other products.
Massachusetts
• Puritans were English colonists who settled in New England
during the 1600’s.
• These settlers wanted to live in a community where they
could follow the rules of the Bible and serve their God.
• Religion shaped the government of the Massachusetts Bay
Colony. One law required all people to attend church on
Sundays.
Rhode Island
• Roger Williams, a dissenter wanted more religious freedom, so he began
the colony of Rhode Island.
• A dissenter is a person who does not agree with the beliefs of his or her
leaders.
• Williams believed that the government should not make laws about
religion.
• In Rhode Island, people could worship freely. He also kept the government
separate from the church.
• Anne Hutchinson, also a dissenter,was banished from Massachusetts. She
held meetings in her home where both men and women talked about
religion.
Connecticut
• Thomas Hooker was a minister who also did not like the
rules of the Puritan leaders.
• He wanted to form a community where all men could
vote even if they were not members of the church.
• In 1636, he led about 100 colonists to the Connecticut
River where he founded the town of Hartford. They
created the colony of Connecticut.
New Hampshire and Maine (part of
Massachusetts)
These colonies were formed by other colonists
that moved from the Massachusetts Bay area
because they did not agree with the Puritan
rules.
Conflicts Over the Land
• The New England colonies were founded on lands where Native
Americans lived.
• The Native Americans and colonists disagreed on who owned the
land. The Native Americans believed that no one truly owned the
land, but the colonists disagreed with them.
• In the 1630’s, a war broke out between the colonists and the Pequot
Indians. Most of the Pequot Indians were killed.
• In 1675, Metacomet, the leader of the Wampanoag Indians, became
known as King Phillip to the colonists. He and his tribe attacked the
colonists because of the fight over the land. This war became known
as King Phillip’s War.
Life in New England
• New England colonists made a living by
using resources from the land and sea.
• Many people specialized in ship building
and fishing.
• The most common fish was cod.
Triangular Trade
• Colonists began exporting fish and whale oil
between North America, Europe, and Africa.
Slavery
• Some traders in the triangular trade made
money by selling humans.
• In Africa, traders bought enslaved African men,
women, and children. They were put on ships
and sent to the West Indies. This passage was
known as the Middle Passage because the
Africans would then be shipped to North
America were they were sold as slaves.
Home life in New England
• Colonial families in New England often had 6 or 7 children.
• They lived in small wooden houses with few rooms. Many
homes had only one room with a huge fireplace.
• The men and boys worked in the fields. The women and girls
prepared the food and worked in the home.
• Children were taught how to read so they could read the
Bible.
• Boys were able to go on to Harvard, the first college in the
Colonies.
Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
• The fertile soil in the Middle Colonies was good for
farming.
• The Middle Colonies’ wide rivers, such as the
Delaware and Hudson, were ideal for transporting
crops to sell and for bringing supplies to the farms.
• The woods in the Middle Colonies were full of
wildlife. Colonists hunted and trapped animals such
as deer and beaver.
New York
• The English settlements of the Middle Colonies began in 1664.
• The King of England gave the colony to his brother James, the
Duke of York. He changed the name to New York and gave
part of it to two of his friends.
New Jersey
• John Berkeley and George Carteret named the
land given to them by James, the Duke of York,
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
• William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a place where people
could worship freely.
• He was a Quaker (a person who believed that all Christians
should be free to worship in their own way).
• Penn made fair treaties with the Lenni Lanape Indians which
allowed them to live together peacefully for years.
Delaware
• The Duke of York gave William Penn more land
that was once part of Pennsylvania.
• Later it became the colony of Delaware.
Life in the Middle Colonies
• The people of the Middle Colonies came from many
lands (Dutch, Scots-Irish, Scandinavian, and English).
Some were enslaved Africans.
• Many colonists were Quakers.
• The Middle Colonies had religious tolerance.
• The climate and soil was excellent for farming.
• Most children learned how to read and write; however,
most colonists thought that their children needed to
learn useful work skills.
Southern Colonies
Virginia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Southern Colonies
• The Southern Colonies were very different from
the New England and Middle Colonies.
• It was full of bays, rivers, and wetlands. It is
known as the TIDEWATER area.
• The climate and soil was excellent for farming.
• Colonists used the waterways to ship crops to
markets in other towns and cities.
Virginia
• In 1607, Jamestown, Virginia became the FIRST
English colony in North America.
• The first colonists came to Virginia to look for
gold. When they did not find any, many started
plantations on the fertile soil.
Maryland
• The colony of Maryland began in 1632 when King
Charles I of England gave land in North America to
Cecilius Calvert, who was known as Lord Baltimore.
• Calvert hoped to make Maryland a safe place for
Catholics.
Carolinas
• King Charles II of England started these colonies.
• North Carolina had few harbors and was not as good for
farming. It grew more slowly than the southern part.
• South Carolina had good farmland and many excellent harbors.
Rice plantations were built in the city of Charles Town that later
became Charleston.
Georgia
• In 1732, England’s King George II started another
colony to keep the Spanish and French away
from South Carolina. He gave this land to James
Oglethorpe. The new colony was named Georgia
to honor King George II.
Life in the South
• The long growing season and warm, damp
climate of the Southern Colonies made the
region perfect for growing tobacco, rice,
and indigo.
Family Life in the South
• The children of wealthy plantation owners lived
fairly easy lives. Most were educated at home.
The boys spent their free time outdoors learning
how to ride horses and hunt. The girls learned
how to sew and sing.
• Life was different for children who lived in the
backcountry farms. They learned how to read
only if their parents taught them. They rarely
went to school and spent most of their time
helping around the farm at an early age.
Lets play a game to locate the 13
colonies!
http://www.softschools.com/social_studies/13_colonies_map