Transcript Chapter 3 Test Review Notes

Chapter 3 Test Review
A Mercator projection distorts the areas
near the poles of the Earth.
A polyconic projection is made as if a
cone of paper had been wrapped
around Earth.
Mercator projection shows the whole
world, except the extreme polar regions,
on one map.
Land masses are distorted away from the
center point on a gnomonic projection.
The Northern and Southern Hemispheres
are divided by the equator.
The Eastern and Western Hemispheres
are divided by the prime meridian and
the 180º meridian.
180º of latitude separate the North and
South Poles.
The greatest number of degrees that a
traveler can ever be from the prime
meridian is 180º.
A fractional map scale is indicated by a
ratio.
Ex.
1:1,000,000 or 1:24,000
The main method of mapping in the United
States before the 1940s was plane-table
surveying.
Methods of remote sensing include: Landsat
imaging, imaging radar, and Earth Observing
System measurements.
It can be hard to perceive different wavelengths
of light on true-to-life color images so we use
false-color images.
A Global Positioning System (GPS) allows
people to determine, their position, their
speed, and the time, anywhere in the world.
Plane Table Survey
Remote
Sensing
The following are elements involved with
the Global Positioning System:
satellites, master control station, and a
GPS receiver.
Contour intervals show differences
between elevations at equal increments.
Including sea level, how many contour
lines would be on a map of an island
125ft tall? Contour Interval = 20 ft
Depression contours are used to show
craters of volcanoes.
A spot elevation of 1237 feet is shown on a
topographic map. If the contour interval of the
map is 20 feet, what is the value of the first
contour line below the spot elevation?
1220
In addition to the distance between two points,
what other fact must be known to determine
the average slope between two points using a
topographic map?
Change in elevation
Which landform is shown by many
contour lines that are very close
together?
Cliff
When a contour line crosses a river, it
bends to form a point in the direction of
the river’s source.
Given a map of an island, be able to correctly
shade in between isopluvials that connect
equal average annual rainfall measurements.
Identify two fundamental ways in which the
meridian at 30º west is different from the
parallel at 30º north.
The meridian runs north/south whereas the
parallel runs east/west. The meridian is a
half-circle that runs from the North Pole to the
South Pole whereas the parallel is a complete
circle that runs around the world parallel to
the equator.
How is the map scale on a topographic
map of Chicago likely to be different
from the map scale on an Apollo
photograph of the entire moon?
The moon photograph would probably be
like a small-scale map, showing a very
large area and thus having a scale with
a very large ratio. The map of Chicago
would probably be a large-scale map,
showing a smaller area and thus having
a scale with a smaller ratio.
Chicago, IL
The Moon