Transcript Slide 1 - Williston School District

Government:

Set of policies, roles, and responsibilities
established to direct and control the uses
of technology, direction of state, and
actions of citizens
Why do we have government?
To ensure the natural rights of the
people are protected (life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness)
Purposes of Government:
Maintain order by preserving life and
protecting property
Provide public goods and services such
as highways and schools
Promote equality through health,
welfare and social equality policies
Democracy:
Form of government in which all eligible
citizens have an equal say in the
decisions that affect their lives
“Government of the people, by the
people , and for the people”
Government by the people or their
elected officials
Democratic Republic: United States
Representative Democracy/Government
Citizens elect representatives to make laws
and policies
Why? Originally
Size of population and
land area
Difficulty in communication
Educational level of citizens
Economic prohibitions
United States Constitution
Written constitution
Founding fathers (Charles Pinckney)
Preamble, Seven Articles , and 27
Amendments
Created through compromises: The Great
Compromise, 3/5ths Compromise, and
Commerce Compromise
Basic Principles
Separation of Powers: 3 Branches
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Legislative: law making, Congress
Executive: law enforcing, President, VicePresident, and Cabinet
Judicial: US Supreme Court & Lower
Federal Courts; interprets & applies laws &
determines constitutionality of laws
through court cases
Popular Sovereignty: states that the
source of governmental power lies with
the people
Basic Principles Continued:
Limited Government - US government must
follow its own laws using powers given to it by
the people
Separation of Powers - 3 branches each with
specific powers
Checks and Balances - system of checks that
ensure that no branch becomes too powerful
Judicial Review -Supreme Court decides
constitutionality of laws
Federalism- creates 2 levels of government
state and federal
Changes in Voting Rights in SC
White, male property owners 21 years old
White males 21 years old
Males 21 years old ( not Native Americans)
Males who paid poll tax, passed literacy test,
& grandfather voted in 1860
Women
Native Americans
African Americans without paying poll tax &
passing literacy test
18 year olds
Economics:
the study of how limited resources are
distributed in society through the
concepts of supply and demand
Supply is the amount of a good available
Demand is how much of the good is
purchased
the price of a good establishes the
amount of supply available and the
amount of a product demanded
Trade-Offs:
Decisions require trade-offs because of
limits on time, money and resources
to obtain a good or service, you must give up
something in return (You may give up money to
purchase food, or you may give up your time
and work in exchange for a salary)
These choices are made every day and are the
foundation of economics
Trade-offs occur at the individual, business
and government levels.
The increase & decrease of prices is the
foundation for a market-based system.
8-1.6: Compare the development of
representative government in SC to
the other colonial regions, including
the under the proprietary regime, the
period of royal government, and South
Carolina’s Regulator Movement.
South Carolina’s Government:
First Plan of Government: Fundamental
Constitutions of Carolina
Became more democratic during colonial period
SC began as proprietary colony
Lords Proprietors had control over land and
political control of land granted to them by king
Proprietors attracted settlers by beginning to
share some political control with property
owners
The largest plantation owners the Carolina
political elite amassed great wealth & political
power
Other colonies developed a political elite based
on economic status too.
Carolina Government:
Legislative Assembly:
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made laws including tax laws
bicameral (2 house) assembly (most colonies)
Proprietors & elite had greater representation in
government than common man
Grand Council decided majority of each group
in colonies –reps of Proprietors, colonial elite,
and common people- should have equal voice in
gov’t.
Problem with this: the representation would not
be proportional to their numbers in the
population
Later separate Commons House of Assembly
established to represent the common people
Representation greater for Lowcountry than
backcountry
Changes in Control of Colonies:
By end of 1600’s most joint stock company
colonies had become royal colonies and could not
name governors
Royal colonies: king appoints governors to help
control wealth or limit the independence of colony
South Carolina colonists asked to become a royal
colony, why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tension between Proprietors & colonists
Colonists felt neglected by proprietors who collected
rent, but offered little protection
Proprietors thought colonists were disobedient & were
making little profit
Council protested to king about neglect & asked to
become royal colony
King & proprietors made a financial deal, Carolina became
a royal colony
Carolina split into South & North Carolina due to
differences between wealthy SC & backwoods NC
South Carolina as a Royal Colony
Royal Government:
1. representative assembly allowed Carolina some
self-government
2. governor appointed by king (power limited)
3. assembly controlled taxes that paid governor
4. most often colonies left alone by king &
Parliament to control local governments
Economic Advantages of being royal colony:
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Increased subsidies for naval stores & indigo
Direct rice sale by merchants to foreign
countries
Expanded markets to sell goods
Expansion of Colony Under Royal Colony
Township Plan
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Established by royal governor to encourage
migration to the Carolina backcountry
Established townships in backcountry
Settlers established subsistence farms there
Township Plan encouraged animosity
between the Lowcountry & backcountry
First backcountry settlers: white traders &
woodsmen viewed by Lowcountry as
“uncivilized”
Lowcountry: first area settled, along
Atlantic coast, Charles Town
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Home of plantation owners rich from export of
rice & indigo
Reasons for animosity/tension
between backcountry & Lowcountry
Lowcountry:
First area settled
Along Atlantic Coast
Plantation owners
Barbadians (rice & indigo)
Wealthy, prosperous
Considered aristocratic
Small white population
Larger slave population
Majority representation
in Assembly
Backcountry:
Settled later
Inland
Subsistence farmers,
traders & woodsmen
Poor
Considered “uncivilized”
Larger white population
Few slaves, anti-slavery
Less representation in
Assembly
Backcountry:
Coastal settlers moved inland
Immigrants traveled along backcountry
valleys from Pennsylvania (Scotch Irish &
German)
White population grew & outnumbered
Lowcountry’s
Backcountry continued to have much less
representation in Assembly
Paid taxes, but got little from colonial
government
No law enforcement so settlers became
vigilantes
Regulator Movement:
No law enforcement
Settlers took law/regulation of society into own
hands
No Courts so Regulators operated as vigilantes
Movement turned lawless
Guilty hanged or beaten to death without jury trial
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(violated rights as Englishmen)
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Circuit Court Act of 1769: set up 7 circuit courthouses
around colony to provide justice, law & order in the region
SC government eventually came to aid of backcountry
settlers
Representation in Assembly was still disproportional &
tensions continued between backcountry &
Lowcountry