Transcript Chapter 31

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The Land
Down
Under
Chapter 31
Australia & New
Zealand
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Section 1 Objectives
I.D. Natural
Describe
Examine
Physical Features
Australia’s history & culture
important features of
Australia’s human system
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List a few facts about Australia.
 Located
in the
Southern Hemisphere
 Name
comes from
southern in Latin
 About
the same size as
the contiguous United
States
 Is
also a country, island
& is the smallest
flattest 2nd driest
continent in the world
+ List & give info on the land form
regions here.
List & Facts
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Great Dividing Range

Lies in the East

Main Mnt. System
(continental divide)
Central Lowlands
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Great Artesian Basin
(ground water)

Your teacher’s desert is
located here
Western Plateau

Covers 2/3 or 66% of
continent w/ the oldest rock
Map
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What Climate zones are found in
Australia & Where?
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Arid


Tropical Wet/Dry
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Most of Northern area
Humid Subtropical & Marine
West Coast
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Center of Continent
Eastern side
Mediterranean
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Southern Edge
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What animals are:
Endemic
Not Endemic
Kangaroo
Cats
Koala
Deer
Wallaby
Cattle
Tasmanian
Devil
Rabbits
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What Natural Resources can be
found here?
Minerals
 Bauxite/Copper/ Iron
Ore/ Lead/ Silver/ Zinc/ Diamonds/
Opals/ Sapphires
Energy
 Fossil Fuels
Agriculture
 6% arable land (mainly
used for grazing of cattle and sheep)
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Give the greatest hits of Australia’s
history.
-Aborigines  came from Southeast Asia about 40,000 years ago
(1st settlers)
- 1788  British settle as a prison colony (Sydney)
-1851  Sheep farming starts as well as gold being discovered
-British push Aborigines out with the help of European disease
--6
main colonies form & join together as Commonwealth of
Australia (new country)
--Remain
close allies with Great Britain & fought with them in
World War I & II
--
Hosted the 2000 summer Olympics in Sydney (one of the few
times the games have been hosted in the Southern Hemisphere)
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What groups make up Australia’s
population?
92%
European
descent, speak
English (Aussie
dialect)
7%
Asian
1%
Aborigines
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Australia’s People
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What is the settlement pattern like
in Australia? Why is it like that?
 Most
cities are located
near the coast
 Sydney/ Melbourne/
Brisbane/ Adelaide/
Perth
 Major
cities not on the
coast:
 Canberra (Capital)
 Alice Springs
 This
is due to colonial
settlement and the arid
& harsh conditions of
the interior.
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Give information on the following:
Religion
Education
 Christianity
 Good
 Ancestor
 Emphasis

Dominant religion
& Land
worship
 Aborigines
 Buddhism
& Hinduism
 Brought by Asians
Public schools
run by the government
on the
Aborigines education
due to them being
behind caused by
years of oppression
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Aborigines & the Spirit World
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What are the popular sports here?
Cricket/ Rugby/ Australian rules football
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Briefly describe the following:
Australia Today
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Developed Country
 Good Infrastructure
 Good Health care
 Democratic Government
 Strong GDP ($22,200)
 Free Market Economy
Trade with the US and
Asian Countries
Issues they are facing
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Aborigines claims to land
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Environmental Protection
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Exotic species  due to no
natural predators, they
have breed out of control
making them a nuisance
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Give information about the 3 main
economic practices.
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Mining is important to the
economy
 World’s leading producer of
bauxite/ diamonds/ opals/
lead
 Exports to Japan & Asian
Countries
Agriculture  major exporter of
farm goods
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Wool (leading producer)/
Wheat/ Meat
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Wool supports the economy,
15% of worlds sheep are here
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Tourism  large & growing
industry
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Vacation areas include: The
Great Barrier Reef/ Gold
Coast/ Ayers Rock/ Sydney
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Section 2 Objectives
I. D. important
features in New
Zealand’s natural environment
Describe
New Zealand’s history
and culture
Examine
New Zealand’s economy
& I. D. the major economic
challenges
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Describe the Natural Environments
of New Zealand
North Island
 Fertile
land with
Forests
 Tectonically
Active:
 Volcanoes,
Geysers,
Earthquakes, &
Hot Springs
South Island
South
Alps runs
down west coast
of the island.
Forest
& Plains
on the East Coast
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What natural resources can be
found here & How are they used?
Natural Resource
 Good
farm land
 Hydroelectric
Power
Uses
 50%
arable 
Radiata Pine
 Pulp & Paper
 Supplies
energy
65% of
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Describe Early History of New Zealand
•Maori
 1st settlers to the islands/came her over 1000
years ago/ came to hunt Moa (flightless bird)
•1642
 Abel Tagman(Dutch) becomes the first
European to reach the islands
•1769
 James Cook comes to New Zealand to explore
and map/ brings with him missionaries, traders, and
whalers from Australia
•British
and Maori make a treaty for land  does not
work out for Maori as settlers took lands they had claim
to/ they were also affected by the European diseases
•1907
 became independent, however they still traded
with the British Empire and fought along side of them
during World War I & II
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Give facts about the following:
Language

 People
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Predominantly white,
with Maori being the
largest minority
English
 Settlement
 75% of
population on the
North Island, Major
cities include
Auckland, Wellington,
& Christchurch
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Food  Clam Soup, Lamb,
Sweet Potatoes, Tea &
Pavlova
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Pavlova  is a desert that is
made of meringue, fresh
fruit and cream.
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What are the major economic
activities in New Zealand
 Agriculture
 Fruits and Vegetables as well
as Kiwi(bird), Sheep and Cattle. Sheep’s
wool is a major export from this area
 Films
 many TV & movies shot here for
landscapes and tax breaks.
 Tourism
 plays an important part in the
economy, particularly due to having
opposing season from the Northern
Hemisphere.
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What are some challenges New
Zealand is facing?
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Small population makes it
tough for mass production of
items

This drives up the cost of
things per unit.

Economic Diversity  used to
trade with Great Britain but
due to high tariffs, because of
EU, they do not any more.
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Predominantly trade with the
US.