Transcript Slide 1

Hydrological Cycle in the CADSES Regions - HYDROCARE
INTERREG IIIB CADSES Neighbourhood Programme
ASSEMBLY OF PARTNERS: Wroclaw, Poland
June 28th-29th, 2007
PP6: Laboratory of Hydrology and
Water Resources Management
Yiannis Panagopoulos
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Objectives of PP6:
 Contribution to the reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the
CADSES Region on a GIS frame and estimation of water budgets
Installation and operation of a Telemetric hydro-meteorological network
in the Kefalonia island - Training courses for technical personnel
Contribution to the development of a common and homogeneous data –
base for the CADSES area
 Analysis of the water resources management of the Ionian Islands under
extreme situations (especially drought events)
Planning of possible extensions of the project to other European areas
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Study Area: Kefalonia Island
The island of Kefalonia is the
biggest of the Ionian Islands
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General Characteristics of the study area
 The climate of Kefalonia is Mediterranean with high relative humidity and
high annual precipitation (more than 1000 mm)
 The exploitable water is limited due to:
- The uneven distribution of precipitated water during the year.
- The particular geological conditions of the island (karstic systems of limestones).
Great amounts of water are directly lost to the sea and cannot be pumped from the
aquifers. The hydrogeological conditions of Kefalonia constitute the most interesting
as well as the most difficult issue for investigation in the scientific field of
hydrogeology in Greece.
- Water quality problems mainly caused by sea water intrusion.
Problems in covering irrigation needs and increased water supply
(tourism) during summer – Import of water from other areas
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ACTION 2.6
Extension of the drought bulletin and thematic maps, defined in
the INTERREG IIC framework only for the objective 1 Italian
regions, to the CADSES area and development of the statistical
drought forecast.
Month of start
Month of end
01/2006
12/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by creating thematic maps for the
Kefalonia Island with the use of GIS representing spatial variation of
water availability, water quality etc.
 PP6 has collected and elaborated all the available meteorological data
of the study area and has selected some indicative draught indices
COMPLETED
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ACTION 2.7
Review of the existing hydro-meteorological data for the area
interested by the project. Definition of common and efficient
techniques for the hydro-meteorological analysis and
interpretation of data coming from different but
complementary sources.
Month of start
Month of end
04/2006
12/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by organizing the Conference of
HydroCare on 18-19/1/07 in Athens
COMPLETED
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ACTION 2.9
Purchase,
installation
and
operation
of
Telemetering
hydrometeorological stations for monitoring of extreme
phenomena in real time. Related training activities.
Month of start
Month of end
04/2006
12/2007
 PP6 collects the meteorological data and cares for the appropriate
maintenance of the meteorological network in Kefalonia.
 Storage of the collected data in the DATABASE in respect to data
reliability, integrity, availability, security
 Update of technical report
 Planning for a future meeting (including training course) in Kefalonia
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ACTION 2.10
Reconstruction of the hydrological cycle in the NUTS II region
GR22 on a GIS frame.
Month of start
Month of end
07/2006
06/2007
 PP6 further contributed to this action by reconstructing the
hydrological cycle in Kefalonia with the use of the GIS-based SWAT
(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in monthly basis.
 Update of technical report
 New maps produced by the model representing spatial data
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Main catchments
 Determination
of
the
four
representative river basins of the
island
Total Area 230 km2
1.Paliki (20 km2)
2. Agia Efhmia (57 km2)
3. Sami (85 km2)
4. Porou (68 km2)
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ACTION 3.9
Collection, analysis and elaboration of the existing hydrological
data of the NUTS II region GR22 (Ionian islands). Identification of
appropriate methodologies for the assessment and management of
the natural risks.
Month of start
Month of end
01/2006
12/2006
The last deliverable 3.9.5. entitled: “methodologies for awareness and
management of natural risks” was completely incorporated in Action 4.1
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ACTION 4.1
Investigation of the relationship of hydro-meteorological data with
the water resources in main Ionian Islands. Analysis of the water
resources management of the islands under extreme situations
(flood and drought events)
Month of start
Month of end
08/2006
09/2007
 PP6 contributes to this action by:
 Estimating drought indices in the study area in order to demonstrate the drought
magnitude during the dry period
 Reconstructing the hydrological cycle together with the water budget estimation
(water use in the study area) by implementing the GIS-based SWAT model.
 Estimating water deficits per catchment of the Kefalonia island
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 Propose solutions for sustainable water resources management in the island
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Meteorological Draught
Dry index of De Martone
I  12 (  10)
in monthly basis
Pε and Τε are the monthly precipitation depth (mm) and air temperature (oC).
Critical Value : 10
Average Monthly Values for the Period 1970-2005
October
37.67
April
25.30
November
73.19
June
7.24
December
80.21
July
2.51
January
65.50
Augaust
3.83
February
58.75
September
3.97
March
37.25
November
15.83
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SWAT model (1)
http://www.brc.tamus.edu/swat/
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A physical deterministic continuous water balance model.
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It divides the watershed into homogeneous parts (land usessoils)
in order
to make
accurate
estimations
of
evapotranspiration, surface runoff, infiltration e.t.c..

It simulates completely the hydrological cycle (precipitation,
evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation to deeper layers,
surface runoff, baseflow e.t.c)

It operates in a daily basis but also produces monthly and
annual results by summing up daily values
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SWAT model (2)
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Main land uses in Kefalonia catchments
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Water demands in each summer month
Consumption
(lt/day/person)
Catchment
Inhabitan
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Irrigation
(mm)
Total (m^3)
Paliki
1000
250
150
2557500
Agia Efimia
1000
250
50
1157500
Sami
2500
250
50
118750
Porou
2500
250
50
768750
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Main geological formations in
Kefalonia catchments
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Water Deficit in Summer

By making approximations of the water percolation to the deep
aquifer (lost from the system) we estimated the exploitable by
pumping water in the shallow aquifer.
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We assigned percolation coefficients in limestones 0,4 - 0,7 based on
hydrogeological studies of the wider area.
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Very low river flows estimated by the model – ecological flows – not
exploitable water.

Exploitable groundwater is adequate to cover only the 40 – 60 % * of
the water demands during summer in the four hydrological
catchments of Kefalonia island.
We didn’t take into consideration the water quality – the exploitable
water is even lower and needs are even less satisfied
*
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Measures

Rational exploitation of groundwater based on a well-organized and
systematic pumping schedule.
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Construction of artificial detention basins in selected sites of the four
catchments.

Changes in cultivation techniques (irrigation system) or cultivation of
crops with limited water needs.

Reuse of water – irrigation with treated wastewater from households

Desalination
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ACTION 5.1
Organization of conferences and seminars during the project
duration to disseminate the obtained results. Preparation of
publications both in paper and multimedia formats. Development
and maintenance of a web-site containing all the information
regarding the project
Month of start
Month of end
01/2006
12/2007
PP6 contributes to this action by:
 organizing public events – or educational events
 preparing scientific papers
 planning a meeting in Kefalonia island in September with the
participation of the local authorities and PP3
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Thank you for your attention!
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