Transcript Spatial Analysis of noise pollution in Urban Development Plans (A

Dr Alireza Gharagozlou
Dr. Parvin Nasiri
Nasim Rahmati
Mojgan Hejrani Diarjan
2010
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Noise Pollution
 Noise pollution is the fundamental problems of our
world
 Most cities are all sources of noise pollution
 Several factors are causing noise pollution from
activities including industrial, commercial, flight, road
traffic, construction, moving trains and ... while
operating in country, most pollution sources are cars
and motorcycles
 The most common sources of noise pollution due to
highway traffic and increase high-speed vehicles
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Standards table about Noise Quantity in Different
Environment in Iran
Night 22-7
dB(A)
Day 7-22
dB(A)
Type of Region,
45
55
Residential
50
60
Commercial and
Residential
55
65
Commercial
60
70
Residential and
Industrial
65
75
Industrial
project
 Results of this study:
 Determine the exact amount of the noise pollution to
surrounding areas of highway has exceeded its
pollution been identified
 GIS capabilities while presenting relevant analysis and
about information collected and offer planning
suggestions in the area
Situation of Study Area
 Sadr Highway is located in northern Tehran that
stretches from East to West
 During this highway about 6 km and its width is 40 m
 Sadr Highway From north and south between the two
regions (DISTRICT1 and DISTRICT3) is located
 A regional population in 2009 reached about 450,000
people
Geo-referenced data and satellite images were
prepared for the process under study and analysis
include:
 1- Digital map of Tehran separated regions and
population and Digital maps of studied districts of
Tehran 1:10,000 produced by Tehran Municipality
 2-Satellite image of Tehran (the Sadr Highway)
 3-Digital Map at 1:25000 scale production of National
Cartographic Center of Iran
 4- GPS control points (Filed measurement)
Measurement
 Review and determine the existing user of highway and measure
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noise pollution from traffic (equivalent sound level (db)A and noise
levels, Lmin, Lmax) using the sound meter B & K model 2236
Many visits the highway along the way and identify areas and
marginal layer of the path density areas (residential, educational,
medical and ...)
At the stations into some area and streets leading to it different
distances 20, 40 and 1 meters noise were determined
Condition of noise in each station using the sound meter and GPS
device location maps and laser meter were determined
code, address, and station coordinates and noise parameters has been
determined
Measurement
 83 stations to measure the amount of noise pollution were selected
values level equivalent Sound pressure (dB)
 Networks A weight two times a day and night at intervals of 1 and 20
and 40 meters was measured highway
 The results show the average level equivalent to a day with average level
equivalent (Leq) to night has difference, so measuring future noise
levels (dB), Lmax (dB) and Lmin (dB) at different times day Networks
A weight at all stations were assessed
 Average level equivalent value defined by the Department of
Environment for different urban applications and areas surrounding
highway
Data Base
 The location of noise pollution measurement stations,
audio data or average sound level (leq) measured was added
to the database in GIS and were identified the existing
highway around where have more than Standards dB of
noise on the region
 Since a sound wave will be released in the air and away
from the sound source (highway) Noise level is reduced
using a formula, so noise levels according to distance from
a linear source the Proper model was prepared for
calculating Noise buffer and was set sound pollution levels
around the highway
An Example of Parameters Measurement
SPL(dB)A
average level
equivalent
Leq(dB)A
No.
‫تراز فشار صدا‬
Lmin(dB)A
Lmax(dB)A
73
83
78.6
77.5
1
77
85
83
82.3
2
76
80
78.7
78.1
3
73
80
77.5
76.7
4
75
82
78.2
77.8
5
73
81
77.6
77.4
6
76
82
80
79.3
7
61
67
61.4
65.3
8
74
86
81.1
81.3
9
65
73
70.8
70.4
10
Sadr Highway
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Sadr Highway
STABILA LD500
GPSMAP 60CSX, GPS
Sound Meter B&K 22336
Digital Map of Sadr Highway
Location of Measuring Stations
intensity of sound detection by Using measuring stations
and Spatial Analysis
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Analysis of noise Pollution around highway
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Noise Pollution Buffer
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Valuation of Noise Pollution Buffer
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Noise Modeling Using 3D Analysis and Spatial Classification
Location of schools in bounds buffer of noise pollution
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Location of residential areas in bounds buffer of noise pollution
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Location of Parks and Gardens in bounds buffer of noise
pollution
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Location of universities and Cultural Centers in bounds buffer
of noise pollution
An Example of a noise map created with GIS
The map shows the noise level data around Highways
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Position of schools in noise critical area
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Location of universities in noise critical area
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Average equivalent level (dB) measured in Distance of 1 and
20 and 40 meters from Highway
Average equivalent level (dB)
Average equivalent level (dB)
A day in Time
A night in Time
Position of sensing stations
sound
1m far from highway
78.6
77.03
20m far from highway
68.4
69.1
40m far from highway
70.41
69.6
An example of measured parameters in stations
NO
‫ا‬Leq(dB)A
SPL(dB)A
Lmin(dB)A
Lmax(dB)A
1
77.5
78.6
73
83
2
82.3
83
77
85
3
78.1
78.7
76
80
4
76.7
77.5
73
80
5
77.8
78.2
75
82
6
77.4
77.6
73
81
Comparison of average equivalent sound level (dB)
A in Day and Night time
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Comparison of average equivalent sound level (dB) A in Day and
Night time with separation distance
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Comparison of average equivalent sound level (dB) A in Day
time with separation distance Classification in GIS
Spatial Statistics Levels and Sound
Pressure Level
noise intensity interpolation of measuring stations by 3D
Analysis and overlay with comprehensive Development Plans
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Conclusion
 Noise pollution is a serious environmental problem in many
cities and GIS help us to monitor the problem
 GIS help to improve the monitoring of such environmental
issues by contributing the noise mapping of city
 According to calculations made based on the measurements
performed at intervals from Highway and the maps obtained in
GIS the proper amount of space surrounding land uses to
highway was estimated, in 48 stations above 75dB noise
pollution that most of these places next to highway (less than 1
meter) is located
 The areas around the highway, residential, schools, buildings,
universities, parks and green spaces are, so a member of must be
given on noise pollution showed around the highway
Conclusion
 Analysis Comprehensive Urban Development Plans
with attention to Noise Distribution around Highways
 For Example with regard to the 16 schools in the study
area, school rituals and the School of Science and
Technology are the order of a load noise pollution
 The results of analysis of spatial map buffer on
residential regions, shows that residential homes be
widespread and abundant around the highway and
noise pollution area with noise more than national
standards
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Conclusion
 For example the results of analysis about location of
universities in the region shows that Payam-e-noor
University and Islamic Azad University North Tehran
Branch, respectively, between Highway 25 and 50 meters
with noise pollution at 79 and 73 dB are located
 With attention to standards of Noise pollution about
educational centers and universities need to control
procedures and management and future development
plans about educational centers
Conclusion
 Spatial analysis of the location of schools, residential areas,
universities and green spaces under noise pollution effect, and
using noise maps are recommended
 With regard to the criteria of architectural spaces to protect
against noise pollution should be used
 Also Absorbent materials in building, walls and sealing doors
and two partitions windows is recommended to use building
materials in construction residential homes and hospitals and
schools and universities in buffers that are under noise pollution
more than standards
 Location of crisis positions of noise pollution were determined
by using GIS analysis in the study area and presented for future
planning
Conclusion
 Using double insulation, sound absorbent materials in
indoor decoration, such as false ceilings and walls, floor
and carpet and interior design to reduce vibration and
noise control in the some at sensory buildings in critical
points are suggested (GIS help us to produce kinds of maps )
Conclusion
 Dense planting appropriate vegetation in the surrounding highway
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of planting rows of trees, especially acacia, lime and hazelnut trees
in noise reduction are very effective
(with low vegetation within 30 m sound to approximately 5 dB
reduces the amount)
•Construction of sound walls over the highway with their emphasis
on beautification
•Construction of the new instruments and observing privacy
highway to reduce noise pollution in receiving a minimum distance
of 125 meters from highway
•Recommended council district 1 and 3 during a specific program
plan to purchase homes or change usage of buildings and follow the
standard minimum distance from the center of highway (125 to the
input residential housing)