Transcript Chapter 1 Section 3

Geography Chapter 11 & 12
• Chapter 11.1.1; 11.1.2; 11.1.3; 11.1.5; 11.2.5
• Chapter 12.1.1; 12.2.1
1
Russia and The Eurasian Republics
Map
• Label the countries.
• Label: Caspian Sea; Sea of Japan; Sea of Okhotsk;
Bering Sea; Arctic Ocean
• Label Ural Mountains and color red.
• Label the Central Siberian Plateau and color yellow.
• Label the Kamchatka Peninsula; find two (2) more
peninsulas and label them.
• Label the Central Russian Upland; West Siberian Plain
Color them green.
• Label the Caspian Depression color it purple.
2
11-1.1
Pages 310-311
3
• 1) 11-1.1 As you read 310-311
describe the physical geography of
Russia; Write answers in complete
sentences.
• A. Landforms
• B. Bodies of Water
• C. Population
4
Russia is the largest country in the
world; one-sixth of earth’s surface.
5
Landforms: Plains; North European,
West Siberian: Mountains: Caucasus,
Urals: Plateaus: Central Siberian.
6
Coastlines: Pacific, Caspian, Black,
Artic, Baltic.
7
Population: majority lives in west.
8
The Ural Mountains separates the
Northern European Plain from the
West Siberian Plain.
9
Russia has few ports because iceblocked coastline.
10
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are
located in the Caucasus Mountains.
11
Steppes are very large plains, mostly
used for agriculture and grazing.
12
The countries of Central Asia are
named for their largest ethnic group.
13
The mountains and deserts of central
Asia keep Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan
isolated from other countries.
14
• 11.1.1
•
Landforms
Bodies of Water
Population
Plains
Oceans
Mountains
Seas
Population is
denser in the west
and southwest
Population is
limited in higher
elevations and
desert
Steppes
Plateaus
deserts
rivers
lakes
• Summary: Russia and the Eurasian republics
cover about one-sixth of the land surface of the
entire earth and contain a variety of geographic
features. The region’s size and geography have
limited population.
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11-1.2
Pages 312-313
16
• 2) 11-1.2 As you read 312-313 give a
summary of about the extreme
climates in Russia; Write answers in
complete sentences.
• A. Temperature
• B. Latitudes
• D. Moisture Levels
17
High latitudes and arctic winds give
northern Russia a cold climate.
18
Tundra is the flat land found in arctic
and subarctic regions.
19
Permafrost is
ground that is
always frozen,
which makes it
difficult to drill
and build
mines this
keeps Russia
from obtaining
some of its
minerals.
20
Trees do not
grow in the
far northern
part of Russia
because the
permafrost
prevents their
roots from
pushing deep.
21
Scientists
think climate
change
might be
causing
Siberia’s
permafrost
to thaw.
22
• 11.1.2
• Temperature: Permanently frozen or up to 100° F.
• Latitudes: Most of the region is high latitudes: artic
winds, little daylight; a lot of snow
• Moisture level: Dry and arid to humid and temperate;
no dry season to cold polar: tundra and ice.
• Climate Regions: The region is a land of extreme
climates.
• Russia and the Eurasian republics region has a vast
expanse of permafrost at one extreme and large areas
of high desert temperatures at the other. Winters are
cold and dark in the northern latitudes and much of
land is not protected from artic winds. This climate
makes agriculture impossible. In the arid regions to
the south, the harsh heat also prevents agriculture.
People can farm in the western plains and steppes.
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11-1.3
Pages 214-215
24
• 3) 11-1.3 As you read 314-315
give details about Russia’s
resources: Write answers in
complete sentences.
• A. Energy
• B. Mineral
• C. Other.
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Russian Energy Resources Coal, Oil,
Natural Gas.
26
Russian Mineral Resources Iron,
Aluminum, Gold.
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Other Russian Recourses are Fish and
Forest Products.
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Taiga is a forested area south of the
tundra.
29
Russia's hydroelectric plants use
water power to generate electricity.
30
Peat is the name for very old decayed
plant material burned as fuel.
31
Energy
Coal: the map
show that coal is
mined in southern
Russia and
Kazakhstan
Oil: Russia is a
leading producer
of oil.
Natural gas:
Natural gas is a
nonrenewable
fuel.
Minerals
Iron: Iron is a
metallic ore
Other
Fish: Fish are
shown in the map
for the Arctic
Ocean and the
Pacific Ocean.
Aluminum:
Forest Products:
Aluminum is also a The forest product
metallic ore used in symbol is on the
industrial
map in southern
development.
Russia.
Gold, copper, or
Diamonds: Eastern
any of the metallic Siberia has the
ores listed in
world’s largest
section: Gold is a
diamond pit mine.
metallic ore.
Copper and other
ores were found in
Afghanistan.
Peat: Russia has
large amounts of
peat, which is
burned like coal.
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• 11-1.5
• Pages 318-319
33
• 1) 11-1.5 As you read 318-319
compare and contrast Kazakhstan
and Uzbekistan; Write answers in
complete sentences.
• A. Kazakhstan
• B. Uzbekistan
• C. Both
Summary:
34
The Aral Sea has shrank to a fraction of its
former size because of irrigation since
1960.
35
Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral
Sea. Central Asian Country Semiarid or
Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation
36
Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly
gone. Central Asian Country Semiarid
or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing
irrigation
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11-2.5
Pages 328-329
38
• 2) 11-2.5 As you read 328-329 give
three details of the Soviet Union’s
rise and fall; Write answers in
complete sentences.
• A. Stalin
• B. Cold War
• C. Gorbachev
39
Republics came under control of Moscow
and the Soviet Union.
40
11.2.5 The Soviet Union
• Bolsheviks led the Russian Revolution believed
that a communist form of government and a
socialist economic system were the answers to
the problems of the industrial Revolution
• Communism: a single political party that
controls the government and economy.
• Socialism is a system in which the government
controls economic resources.
41
Josef Stalin
ruled as a
total dictator
of the Soviet
Union from
1927 to
1953.
42
The government decided which crops to
grow on the collective farms of the Soviet
Union.
43
Factories were also run collectively.
Collectives are planning the future
economic development of the country.
44
The Cold War was a period of tension
and conflict between the Soviet Union
and the United States, in which the two
nations did not fight each other directly.
45
Mikhail Gorbachev tried to reform the
Soviet economy and government.
46
Glasnost was a political reform
(encouraged free speech), and
perestroika was an economic reform
(focused on restructuring)
47
The reforms Gorbachev unleashed pentup emotions about the economy and
government.
48
The Soviet Union collapse in 1991.
49
• 2. 11-2.5 As you read 328-329 design a web
to make generalizations about the Soviet
Union. Have at least 4 Important facts.
The Soviet Union
controlled the region
form 1922 until 1991.
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Something extra Chapter 11
• Scientist are concerned about the possible
release of methane into the atmosphere from
Siberia contributes to global warming.
• As Mongol rule weakened Moscow gained
power.
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12-1.1
Pages 334-335
52
• 1) 12-1.1 As you read 334-335
describe the climate and cultures of
Russia. Write answers in complete
sentences.
• A.
D.
• B.
E.
• C.
F.
53
Siberian nomads move from place to
place to find food according to the season,
30 different peoples, live in tundra and
taiga.
54
Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of
people’s culture does climate affect.
Russian nomads get their food and
clothing from the animals they herd
(reindeer).
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Many of the people in Central Asia are
livestock herders (sheep, camels,
cattle, horses).
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Many herders now live in rural
villages in mud brick homes.
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Rich soil and moderate climate promotes
farming on the steppes.
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Peasants farmed lived in small villages
later worked for landlords and became
serfs.
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Russian peasant farmers work for
corporations or individuals who own
farms today.
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12-2.1
Pages 340-341
61
• 2) 12-2.1 As you read 340-341 list
causes and effects of the collapse of
the Soviet Union. Write answers in
complete sentences.
• A.
D.
• B.
E.
• C.
F.
62
The major causes of the Soviet
Union’s decline in the 1970s and
1980s was economic problems and
shortages
63
One of Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas for
reform was to reduce government control
of economy (Perestroika and Glasnost).
64
Gorbachev's new policy of openness
result in protests for freedom.
65
The Soviet Communist attempted a
coup against Gorbachev.
66
The fall of the Berlin Wall made
Communists lose control of Eastern
Europe.
67
Mikhail Gorbachev knew he had lost
his power so he resign as president of
the Soviet Union in 1991.
68
One cause of the collapse of the
Soviet Union was the separate
republics wanted independence.
69
After the Soviet Union’s collapse in
1991, their republics became
independent countries.
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Economic problems: large gap
between rich and poor; increased
corruption and organized crime,
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unemployment; ethnic groups still
want independence still exist in
Russia years after the Soviet Union’s
collapse.
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Chechnya wants to gain
independence from Russia.
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Something Extra Chapter 12
• The Trans-Siberian Railroad was built by
peasants, convicts, and soldiers.
• The Trans-Siberian Railroad is about 6,000
miles long.
• Much of the oil from the Caspian Sea is
transported to other countries by pipelines.
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Geography Review
Copy questions and
underline answers.
75
• ___________________ are very large
plains. 311
76
• The _____________________ divide
European Russia from Asian Russia.
311
77
• The mountains and deserts of
central Asia keep
___________________ and
__________________ isolated from
other countries. 311
78
• The ______________________
separates the Northern European
Plain from the West Siberian Plain.
311
79
• ____________________ is the
largest country in the world. 311
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• Scientists think
______________________ might be
causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw.
312
81
• _____________________ is the
name for very old decayed plant
material burned as fuel. 314
82
• ______________________ makes it
difficult to drill and build mines this
keeps Russia from obtaining some of
its minerals. 312
83
• ____________________ is a forested
area south of the tundra. 313
•
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• Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia
located in the
________________________. 311
85
• The countries of Central Asia named
for their largest
____________________. 311
86
• The ___________________ are
mostly used for agriculture and
grazing. 311
87
• _________________ is the flat land
found in arctic and subarctic regions.
312
88
• ___________________ ground that
is always frozen. 312
89
• Russia has few ports because
________________ coastline. 311
90
• ___________________ and
________________ give northern
Russia have such a cold climate.
312
91
• Trees do not grow in the far northern
part of Russia because the
__________________ prevents their
roots from pushing deep. 312
92
• Russia's _______________________
plants use water power to generate
electricity. 314
93
• _________________ caused the Aral
Sea to shrink. 318
94
• Moscow gained power as
_________________ rule weakened.
321
95
• The ______________ destroyed the
city of Kiev. 320
96
• The ___________________ has
shrunk greatly because of water loss
from irrigation. 318
97
• Russians called their monarch
______________. 321
98
• Trade goods and ideas traveled
thousands of miles along the
____________________. 320
•
99
• Livestock grazing is the best
economic activity suited to the arid
regions of
______________________. 318
100
• The ___________________ has
shrank to a fraction of its former size
because of irrigation since 1960. 320
101
• Most people in Russia live in
_______________. 322
102
• _________________ were the ethnic
group built towns in early Russia.
320
103
• Scientists are concerned about the
possible release of _______________
into the atmosphere from Siberia
because It can contribute to global
warming.
317
104
• ___________________ is the main
religion of
Central Asia. 321
105
• __________ best describes the
climate of much of Central Asia. 318
106
• ___________________ is a
greenhouse gas scientists suspect is
being released from Siberian lakes.
319
107
• The best description of __________________
is one political party controls the government
and economy. 328
108
• Because of the _______________________
the czar was overthrown, and a communist
government was formed. 326
109
• A __________________ government was
established after the Russian Revolution. 326
110
• _____________________ ruled as a total
dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to
1953. 328
111
• The _____________________ was a period of
tension and conflict between the Soviet
Union and the United States, in which the
two nations did not fight each other directly.
328
112
• The _______________________ decided
which crops to grow on the collective farms
of the Soviet Union. 328
113
• Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of
Russia helped defeat _________________.
324
114
• _____________________ became the main
religion of European Russia in the 900s. 322
115
• ____________________ free the serfs to
work in industry. 326
116
• ___________________ repeated Napoleon’s
mistake by invading Russia in winter during
World War II. 325
117
• The _________________ were a political
group that began the Russian Revolution.
326
118
• __________________ tried to make Russia
more Western. 322
119
• The Russians adopted the scorched earth
policy when _______________ invaded. 325
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___________________________ tried to reform the Soviet economy and government. 329
The Soviet Union collapse in _________________. 329
__________________ was a political reform, and ____________________ was an economic reform. 329
The reforms _______________________ unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government.
329
Russian _______________ get their food and clothing from the animals they herd. 334
Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture __________________ does affect. 334
Many of the people in ______________________ are livestock herders. 334
Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the _________________. 334
Siberian ______________________ move from place to place to find food according to the season. 334
Russian _____________________ farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today. 334
______________________ and ______________________ made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so
difficult. 336
The __________________________ Railroad is the world’s longest railroad. 336
It took __________ years to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad. 336
_________________________ goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin wanted the
city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the Great did. 336
Peasants, convicts and soldiers built the _____________________________. 336
The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved ___________________________ people to Siberia. 336
The Trans-Siberian Railroad is ____________________ miles long. 336
Russian train tracks are wider than __________________ and ____________________ tracks. 336
The Trans-Siberian Railroad links __________________ to ____________________ for trade this helps the
world economy. 336
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_______________________ is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters
and music. 338
Peter the Great build St. Petersburg near the __________________ and Europe. 338
In 2003, _________________ want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy. 338
The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was ___________________ and
_________________. 340
_________________ knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991.
340
_______________ new policy of openness result in protests for freedom. 340
One of _________________________ ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy.
340
__________________ wants to gain independence from Russia. 341
The fall of the _______________________ made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe. 341
After the ____________________________ collapse in 1991, their republics became independent
countries. 341
One cause of the collapse of the _______________________ was the separate republics wanted
independence. 341
__________________ and ______________________ leaders are elected today in Russia. 342
The _____________________ and ___________________ hold most of the power in Russia today. 342
The Russian Government has ___________________ of government. 342
Everyone ______________ and older can vote in Russia. 342
Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a ___________________. 342
The ____________________ is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly. 342
122
• Most of Russia’s oil come from _____________________. 344
• Russia export natural gas and oil through _________________. 344
• ________ and ________________ are Russia’s greatest sources of wealth.
344
• Oil and gas is found the area near the ____________________ so
valuable. 344
• Much of the oil from the _______________________ transported to other
countries by pipelines. 344
• __________________ learn to use more advanced nuclear technology
from Chernobyl. 347
• A nuclear reactor exploded at __________________. 347
• _____________________________ from Chernobyl still affect the area,
because it takes so long to disappear. 347
• After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to
_________________________. 347
123