Transcript August 2002 1

1
ICT Evolution and Standards
Selected issues in IT
IXDA
August 2002
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Agenda
• Focus in Development
• Global Industrial view
– Microelectronics
– Hardware Platforms
– Software
IXDA
August 2002
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Agenda
• Focus in Development
• Global Industrial view
– Microelectronics
– Hardware Platforms
– Software
IXDA
August 2002
4
Focus in development
• Mobility
• Any to any interoperability
– Importance of Directory systems and services
– Importance of standards
• Outsourcing and Open Source Software
• Consumer Electronics
– Volumes
– Entertainment
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“Application” areas
• Domotica
– Remotely controlled
• Location based services
– Especially “in-car”
• Wearable computing
– Privacy issues
• Security
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Human-Computer Interface
• Intuitive and natural
• Integration of many different
technologies
• Neural networks (?)
• 3-D displays (?)
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Agenda
• Focus in Development
• Global Industrial view
–Microelectronics
– Hardware Platforms
– Software
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Microelectronics
• Key drivers:
– More computer power
– Smaller
• Moore’s law still valid for 5-10 years
– Specialised companies for high volumes
– Number of transistors per chip increases from
today’s 173 m to 1.3 b. In 2008
– Reaching physical limits
• What’s next ?
– Molecular computers
– Biocomputers
– Quantumcomputers
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Agenda
• Focus in Development
• Global Industrial view
– Microelectronics
–Hardware Platforms
– Software
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Hardware platforms
• Servers
– Supercomputers, mainframes,
multiprocessor systems
• Clients
– Workstations, pc’s, notebooks, thin clients,
portable devices
• Storage subsystems
• Displays
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Hardware platforms
• TREND
– Pervasive computing and communication
allowing anytime – anywhere access to
internet services
• KEY DRIVERS
– Mobility
– Scalability
– Availability
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Servers
• Re-centralisation of servers in “webfarms” and “web-centers” or “Internet
Data Centers”
• High-end servers (mainframes ?)
– Lower cost per connected user
– Different architectures
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Server architectures
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Server architectures
Most common solution for scalability
and fault tolerance
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Supercomputers
• Top = Massive Parallel Processing (MPP) and
Vector Processing
– Scientific and military applications
– Data mining in commercial applications (very large
data bases)
• Third phase
– Phase 1 = Cray 1
– Phase 2 = MPP and SMP
– Phase 3 = Virtual Supercomputers
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Supercomputers
• All manufacturers
• Number of processors: 64  ? (thousands)
• Several operating systems
– Cray, AIX, Solaris, ...  Linux
• Computing power expressed in x-Flops
– Tera-Flops  Peta-Flops
• New memory architecture: cellular
– Cel = processor + integrated memory
– Faster access
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19th August 2002
IBM to build biggest German supercomputer
IBM and The Research Centre Juelich have signed a
contract for the delivery and installation of a new IBM
supercomputer at the Central Institute for Applied
Mathematics (ZAM).
The new supercomputer will be based on IBM POWER4
microprocessor technology and will achieve a peak
performance of 5.8 TFLOPS.
"The new supercomputer will make it possible to run
models and simulations which could not be run within
acceptable timeframes so far. Thus, the supercomputer
will make a significant contribution to the solution of
complex scientific problems" commented Dr. Ulla Thiel,
Director of Scientific & Technical Computing, IBM
Europe.
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Client systems
• Palm-top  High end multimedia
workstations
• Desktop + notebook still dominated by
“Wintel”
 Linux gaining ground ?
• What about TV ?
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Digital TV
•
•
•
•
Specifications by DVB Consortium
Standards by ETSI ...
Political drive
War of standards
– DVB in Europe
– ATSC in USA
– ... In Japan
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Digital TV
• Next war : API (Application
Programming Interface)
– Proposal DVB-MHP (Multimedia Home
Platform) as Open standard.
– Competition from proprietary API’s (satellite
and cable companies)
• European Telecommunications
Directives address issue
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August 6th 2002
Microsoft to increase investment in iTV development
Microsoft, the global computer software company,
has announced that it is to significantly increase
spending on research and development by 20 per
cent to USD5.2bn (E5.3bn) in the current fiscal year.
It is understood that one of the main investment
areas that Microsoft will focus is on developing
software for a wide range of electronic devices
including mobile phones, personal digital assistants
(PDAs) and interactive television (iTV) services.
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August 6th 2002
Mr Gates reportedly affirmed the company's
direction by highlighting the long-term approach
that Microsoft is taking while he explained that the
company was willing to take risks in its move to
diversify its software strategy away from the PC and
into other multimedia devices in the home.
"Ten years ago I said interactive TV was important.
Ten years later I still say it's important. How much
money have we made? A big negative number," said
Gates.
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Digital Radio
• Specifications from EUREKA 147,
standards by ETSI
• Standard promoted by WorldDAB
• Competing standards:
– DRM (?)
– WorldSpace
– Sirrius, XM
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July 19th 2002
Kosmos TV to offer Internet acess through radio
In September, Kosmos TV will begin to offer Internet
access via radio to corporate clients using RadioEthernet
technology.
The service will be offered in partnership with the
Russian Telecommunication Network, which owns the
Rosnet trademark and the companies will be focussing
on small businesses, in particular to those for whom
organising a dedicated line is difficult.
Kosmos TV has also plans for Internet access via
Television, interactive services and MMDS, a wireless
broadband technology for internet access, a project still
in its beginning stages.
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Storage Subsystems
• Magnetic storage
– Size: 5.25 “  3.5 “  1.8 “  1”
• Converging to 3.5 “
– Density: 3.26 GB per square inch
• Doubles every 18 months
– Speed: 15.000 rpm (250 rps)
– MTF: 130 years
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Storage Subsystems
• Magnetic storage
– Different interfaces
• SCSI, EIDI
• Coming up .. USB2.0
– Storage over IP (SoIP)
• Storage Area Network architecture
• Fibre Channel protocol
– Server farms  Disk farms
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Storage Subsystems
• Optical storage:
– DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
• 4.7 GB per side
• Competing standards
– DVD +RW and DVD-R
– DVD-RW
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Storage Subsystems
• The future:
– New magnetic coatings increasing the density
• 3 atoms thick layer !
– Multilayer coatings
• 100 billion bits per square inch by 2003 !
– Magneto optics
– Holographic optical storage
• 125 GB on 2.25 inch removable disk
– Blue laser
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Displays
• High resolution flat screens
– Low power consumption
– Readability
– State of the art: 9.2 M-pixels, 22 inch,
16:10 aspect ratio
– LCD and Plasma
• Research on LEP (Polymers) and
Organic Light Emitting Diodes
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Agenda
• Focus in Development
• Global Industrial view
– Microelectronics
– Hardware Platforms
–Software
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Software
•
•
•
•
•
Trends
Operating Systems
Web technology
Applications
EIA
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Software
• Trends:
– E-business Applications
– Internet Centered systems
– Robust systems (Reliable, Fault-tolerant,
Secure, Evolvable, Maintainable en Cost
Effective)
– Mobility
– Software “subscription” (as opposed to
purchase or licensed).
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Software trends lead to ...
• Network service architectures = software
components accessible by other components
or applications over the network by suitable
protocols
• Network service therefore includes:
–
–
–
–
TCP/IP
Directory services
XML interface
SOAP, UDDI, WSDL ....
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Operating Systems
• Who will win ?
– Windows
– Linux
– Mac OS
• All major manufacturers include Linux in
their products and offer concrete
customer support.
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22nd August 2002
XBox online 3 months early with Linux
Microsoft's XBox Live service has been pre-empted
by a Linux-based web-server invented by a group of
European programmers- The XBox Linux Project.
Using a modification chip to allow the running of
non-Microsoft encoded software, a version of the
Linux core has been coded for the XBox. Potentially,
the console may become a fully functional PC when
the programmers add further software
modifications.
The project has come about because of
programmers' penchant for Linux, which due to its
open licencing, allows them to alter the software
source code.
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This is only the latest in a series of attempts to
produce a functioning Linux for the console, but the
first to show real results. With both the software
and hardware in place, the XBox is operable over a
local area network (LAN).
The Project made it clear though, that its progress
was not intended to benefit piracy in any way. No
Microsoft privileged code is included, and none of
the developers involved in the work are allowed to
use the information from the software kit.
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Operating Systems
• First Microsoft OS for 64 bit processors
is presented.
– Supports up to 16 GB RAM and up to 8 TB
virtual memory
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July 20th 2002
Microsoft develops “Windows 1984”
A new development, codename Palladium, will
protect computers against virusses and spam. Also
Internet shopping will become safe.
It will stop illegal copied software and downloading
MP3 files.
Opponents consider Palladium to be a privacy threat
(because the impossibility for anonymous surfing)
and a potential Microsoft monopoly because
software will have to respect new standards.
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IBM, Intel and HP/Compaq, who together with
Microsoft form the Trusted Computing Platform
Alliance (TCPA) support this evolution.
Intel and AMS already announced the development
of chips usable with Palladium.
Palladium can not be installed on existing
computers.
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Web Technologies: XML
• W3C Standard
• Data-base, operating system and device neutral
language to describe the contents of data
structures
• Key role for Application to Application
communication over Internet
• DTD (document type definition) associated with
document, included in prologue.
– Typically developed by industry consortia
• XSL (extensible style language) for stylesheets
• XLL (extensible link language) to automate links
between URL’s.
• XML.ORG is cathalogue and future registry and
repository of XML vocabularies.
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Directory and discovery services
• Naming, describing and finding information
and resources while managing the relation
between the resources.
• Internet needs worldwide standards
• LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
first attempt
• IETF workgroup: Uniform Resource Names
Working Group defines standard for
persistent and unique digital resource
identifier on the internet, and, standard for
comprehensive and persistent resource
discovery system (URN and URI)
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Applications
• New applications  Web based
• Old applications  “wrapped” to make
accessible from browser
• Front-end applications accessed via Internet
and Extranet
• Back-end applications accessed via Intranet
• Increasing critical role of Enterprise
Application Integration (EAI)
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Examples of Back- and Front-end
applications
DSS/BI
CRM
KM
database
E-commerce
ERP
SFA
LOB/process
specific
“Old
legacy”
SCM
Front-end
Back-end
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Key role of EAI
WAP – HTTP -...
Buy side
Marketplace
Web server
Data base
XML
ERP
EAI
Front-end
External
environment
SOAP
Legacy
Back-end
Internet TCP/IP
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EIA
• Ensure Interoperability of “internal
applications”
• XML for information coding
• CORBA for application-to-application
integration
• SOAP for the next generation Ebusiness Web services
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