Transcript Design, Operation and Maintenance for

Design, Operation and Maintenance for
Hydromet Stations and Networks
Boyd Bringhurst, Mark Bennett |
Campbell Scientific
Methods for Telemetric
Communications
Historical ties between transportation &
communication
Messengers
Telegraph
Optical fiber backbone
Urban & transportation
corridor cell coverage
Radio (spread spectrum and licensed)
IP (Ethernet, cellular, satellite)
Non-IP Satellite (Meteosat, Iridium, ARGOS)
Wireless data communication for
environmental and infrastructure monitoring
Terrestrial RF
– Licensed frequency
– Allocated frequency
– Cellular (IP)
– Meteorburst and ELOS
Satellite
– GOES/Metosat
– Iridium
– INMARSAT (IP)
Terrestrial RF – Licensed Frequency
Preferred for mission
critical operations
Line of sight
User owns comms
infrastructure
Owner responsible for
operations and
Maintenance
Trend – tighter bands for
better spectrum use; DSP
improvements for signal
sensitivity
Terrestrial RF – Allocated Frequency
Some data congestion in
urban areas
Line of sight w/ limited
amplitude output
User owns comms
infrastructure
Owner responsible for
operations and
Maintenance
Trend – more capable
radios for less money
Terrestrial RF – Cellular data comms
M2M data plans
Technology advances vs.
product life cycle
Cellular networks can
overload during a stressful
event
Trend – definitely up, but
be careful with critical
operations
Owner NOT responsible
for operations and
Maintenance
Terrestrial RF – Meteorburst & ELOS
Meteorburst limited
bandwidth but long
distance
Large antenna
Robust for critical
operations
Trend – not a lot of new
users because of
attractive satellite based
alternatives
Where do Satellite Comms Fit?
Remote locations where network
coverage is an issue (including
Northern Latitudes)
When information is critical – and
other infrastructure may not be
available (such as during an
emergency)
Mobile Platforms such as buoys,
mobile air quality trailers, storm
chasers, etc.
Satellite – GOES/Meteosat
Use limited to
participating government
agencies
Transmit only; low
bandwidth
Trend – use growing
about 3% per year
nationally
Satellite – Iridium
How does it work?
Iridium’s constellation consists of 66
cross-linked operational satellites,
plus six in-orbit spares. The
satellites operate in near-circular
low-Earth orbits (LEO) about 780 km
(483 miles) above the Earth’s
surface.
The low-flying satellites travel at
approximately 17,000 miles per hour
(27,359 km/hr), completing an orbit
of the Earth in about 100 minutes.
Short burst one way, or two way
communications
Why Iridium Short Burst?
Ideal for sending small amounts of data
relatively infrequently – e.g. hourly met
data
Limited to one-way communications, so no
file transfer or control (e.g. program
changes)
Significant upfront cost savings
Satellite - Iridium
Deployable nearly
anywhere
Cost – $1800 to $2200
plus $200 / yr SBD or
$2000 / yr Rx/Tx hourly
Wx station
Trend – more use for
remote site, 2 way
comms
Satellite - INMARSAT
IP anywhere with Ethernet
port on Hughes modem
Cost – $2000 plus $800 to
$1100 / yr up to 5
mB/month
Trend – Stable history in
commercial
transportation; IP
connectivity may expand
use
Communication Comparison Chart.pdf
Mixed Comms Architecture
Local RF network with
high band with IP node
– Cell modem
– Ethernet
– Inmarsat satellite
Network Server Configurations and Capabilities
Feed network segments
through a common data
retrieval engine to data
base or www
Feed independent
communication networks
into a common data base
or to www
Example Networks
Networks












Turkey - TEFER. VSAT - 206 sites.
Costa Rica - ICE. Radio - 200 sites.
Florida - SFWMD. Radio - 800 sites.
USA - SNOTEL. Meteroburst - 200 sites.
Iceland - National Road Auth. Cellular - 200
sites.
Argentina - AIC. Inmarsat - 80 sites.
Florida - St. Johns WMD. Radio - 370 sites.
Utah - MESONET/2002 Olympics. Radio - 200
sites.
Arizona - USDA. Combination - 100 sites.
Arkansas - USGS. Cellular - 18 sites.
Canada - Env. Canada. GOES - 100 sites.
Brazil - FUNCEME. ARGOES - 70 sites.
Networks (continued)














Oklahoma Mesonet - 120+ sites.
West Texas Mesonet - 70+ sites.
Washington State Ag Network - 60+ sites.
Michigan State Ag Network - 70+ Sites.
CIMIS (California) – 120+ sites.
Florida Ag Network - 35+ sites.
North Dakota Network - 70+ Stations.
USA – NRCS SNOTEL. Meteorburst - 200
sites.
USA – NRCS SCAN - 190+ sites (Some
NRCS Sites are both SNOTEL and SCAN).
New Zealand Fire Weather Network (90 +
sites).
Utah Dept. of Transportation (50 + sites)
Utah - MESONET/2002 Olympics. Radio - 200
sites.
US Climate Reference Network – 110+
Stations.
Canada - Env. Canada. GOES - 100 sites.
Conclusions
Improvements in wireless
comms offer more
alternatives
Trend toward more
wireless data comms
likely to continue
Consider critical nature of
operations when choosing
appropriate technology
Technically savvy
personnel needed
Thank you
Campbell Scientific, Inc.