Transcript role of ict in management

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ICT stands for Information and
Communication Technologies
Can be defined as a diverse set of
technological tools and resources used to
communicate, create, disseminate, store, and
manage information
In this workshop, ICT will be referred to the
use of internet, Computer hardware,
Databases and computer applications and the
telephone in carrying out managerial
function in WAEC.
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Management broadly refers to organizing,
planning, directing, monitoring, controlling
and evaluation of resources in the
organization.
In this workshop, it will refer to planning,
directing, monitoring and controlling of WAEC
resources which include finance, conduct of
examinations, records and information flow
in etc WAEC
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Management is dedicated to ensuring the
highest possible standards and achievement
in all areas of the WAEC work.
Good management styles can result into a
clear strategic thinking and planning for
improvement of the WAEC services.
How ICT can enhance WAEC effectiveness and
assist managers in planning, directing,
monitoring and controlling of WAEC
resources.
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A Computer network is a number of
computers interconnected by one or more
transmission paths.
Data Communication is the exchange of data
(in the form of Os and 1s) between two
devices via some form of transmission
medium such as a wire cable.
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The purpose of data communication is to
exchange information between two agents
For Data Communication to occur, the
communicating devices must be a part of a
communication system made up of a
combination of hardware and software.
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Sender: is the device that sends the data
message.
Message: is the information (data) to be
communicated. Eg: text, numbers etc.
Transmission Medium: is the physical path
by which a message travels from sender to
receiver. Eg: twisted pair cable, fiber-optic
cable etc.
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Receiver: is the device that receives the
message.
Protocols: is a set of rules that govern the
data communication. It represents an
agreement between the communicating
devices.
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Data Communication is considered
Local – if the communicating device are in the
same building.
Remote – if the device are farther apart.
Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that
uses technology designed to span a small
geographical area. For e.g. an Ethernet is a
LAN technology suitable for use in a single
building. e.g LAN at WAEC Ogba in Lagos
office
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LAN provides a useful way of sharing the
resources between end users.
The resources such as printers, file servers,
scanners, and internet are easily sharable
among computers
LANs are composed of inexpensive
networking and routing equipment. It may
contains local servers serving file storage and
other locally shared applications.
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It mostly operates on private IP addresses and
does not involve heavy routing.
LAN works under its own local domain and
controlled centrally
LAN can be wired, wireless, or in both forms
at once.
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A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a
network that uses technology designed to
extend over an entire city.
For example WAEC can use a MAN to connect
the LANs in all its offices throughout Lagos
city.
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Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that
uses technology designed to span a large
geographical area. For example a satellite
network is a WAN because a satellite can relay
communication across an entire continent.
Network across member nations of WAEC.
WANs have higher propagation delay than
LANs
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Telecommunication networks are Wide Area
Network.
These networks provide connectivity to MANs
and LANs.
Since they are equipped with very high speed
backbone, WANs use very expensive network
equipment.
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An "intranet" is the generic term for a
collection of private computer networks
within an organization
An "extranet" is a computer network that
allows controlled access from the outside for
specific business or educational purposes
Intranet distributes various information to
employees at various locations
Extranet is used by vendors , suppliers and
customers to access information using web
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When two or more networks are connected
they become an internetwork or internet.
The Internet is a global, interconnected
computer network in which every computer
connected to it can exchange data with any
other connected computer
The Internet is a communication system that
has brought a wealth of information to out
fingertips and organized it for our use.
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Rather than moving through geographical
space, it moves your ideas and information
through cyberspace – the space of electronic
movement of ideas and information
It uses WWW, FTP, email services, audio, and
video streaming etc.
Internet uses very high speed backbone of
fiber optics. To inter-connect various
continents, fibers are laid under sea known to
us as submarine communication cable.
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It’s the first mass medium that involves
computers and uses digitized data.
It provides the potential for media
convergence, the unification of all media.
It’s transforming how we communicate,
obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and
maintain professional growth.
Businesses find it an indispensable tool for
their needs.
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Internet is serving many purposes and is
involved in many aspects of life. Some of
them are:
Web sites
E-mail
Instant Messaging
Blogging
Social Media
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Marketing
Networking
Resource Sharing
Audio and Video Streaming
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Electronic business (e-business) refers to the
exploitation of ICT (Information and
Communication Technologies), and in
particular Web-based technologies, to
support business activities.
E-business includes the exploitation of ICT
and Web technologies to support enterprise
internal activities, relationships with partners,
suppliers, and customers (e-commerce).
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Use of technology has become indispensible
for managers to work in a competitive place
like WAEC
Following are few of mainly use technologies
for managers
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Electronic Mail
Voicemail Communication
Cell phone Communication
Teleconference
Videoconference
Instant Messaging
World Wide Web
Microsoft Office
Groupware
ERP Suit
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Facilitates fast , convenient flow of
information among users at various locations
and time zone
Increases efficiency
Reduces Cost
Reduces Paper waste
Lotus Notes and Microsoft Outlook are mainly
used email exchange servers for corporate.
Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail are mainly used free
email exchange servers for internet users for
formal or informal information
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Gives flexibility in staying in touch without
the aid of a computer
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Wireless Communication: Gives flexibility to
stay in touch without any location constraint
Verbal Communication: Verbal
communication is more effective over written
communication in informal messages
Text Messaging: Short messaging service is
widely used for small messages
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It allows live exchange and mass articulation
of information among several persons and
machines remote from one another but
connected by telecommunication
A teleconference is a telephone meeting
among two or more participants involving
technology more sophisticated than a simple
two-way phone connection
Also know as teleseminar
Can be done without the aid of computer
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A video conference uses a computer, camera,
speakers, microphone, coder/decoder and
network (such as the Internet) to conduct a
live conference between two or more people
It uses audio and video telecommunication to
bring people at different sites together for a
meeting.
This can be as simple as a conversation
between two people in private offices (pointto-point) or involve several sites (multi-point)
with more than one person in large rooms at
different sites.
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Provides business with the ability to meet and
to work with other
Reduces travel cost and time
Gives all benefits of face to face meetings
Can be one to one, one to many & many to
many
Can be used for training to users, conducting
interview etc
Helps in speed up the decision making
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It is a real time email technology
Generally used for informal communication
Helps to communicate with colleagues on
issues in no time
Few organizations have accepted it as one of
the best ways for informal communication
and started its own messengers services
Microsoft office communicator is one of the
most widely used in corporate offices
Gtalk and MSN Messengers are commonly
used free messengers
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The world wide web is truly a universal
communication medium, reaching broad
audience to divers locations.
Let us visit waec site:www.waecnigeria.org
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Original and Fresh Content
User Friendly Navigation
Simple and Professional Design
Speed
SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
Compatible on different Browser
Functionality
Keep your target audience in mind
Point of Contact or Feedback form
Tracking
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Ms office is a suite of interconnected desktop
programs, application and services for
computer operating system
It is universally accepted tools must for any
manager
Ms office is well know for being easy to use
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Groupware is software that groups of people
use together over computer networks and the
Internet.
It is based on the assumption that computer
networks can help people increase their
productivity by collaborating and sharing
information
Electronic mail is a form of groupware
Electronic mail is the foundation and data
transport system of many groupware
applications.
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Some example groupware applications are
outlined below:
A scheduling program that schedules a group
of people into meetings after evaluating their
current personal schedules
Instant messaging, which lets people contact
one another in real-time via pop-up
messages
A network meeting application that allows
users to hold meetings over the network
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Attendees sit at their workstations and
collaborate on a joint project by opening
documents on the screen and working on
those documents together
A videoconferencing application that works in
conjunction with the network meeting
applications described above so attendees
can see one another and collaborate on
computers at the same time
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Groupware also comes in the form of
bulletin board,
interactive conferencing,
threaded discussions,
and chat room applications.
These applications provide a place to post
messages that other users see and can
respond to, either in real time or over a
period of time.
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All dialogs can be archived for future
reference and users can respond to them at
any time.
The archive provides a record of events,
activities, problems, and solutions that can be
referred to at any time.
Chat and instant messaging are forms of
synchronous communications
Like a voice telephone call, a chat or instant
messaging session is live and each user
responds to the other in real time.
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In contrast, discussion forums and electronic
mail are asynchronous communications.
Some amount of time may pass before a
person responds to a message.
In a discussion forum, a message sits in a
message queue for other people to read and
respond to at any time, or until the message
falls out of the queue
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Groupware stimulates cooperation within an
organization and helps people communicate
and collaborate on joint projects
Groupware coordinates people and processes
Groupware helps define the flow of
documents and then defines the work that
must be done to complete a project
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Groupware provides a unique way for users to
share information by building it into
structured, compound documents
help each person in a collaborative project
perform his or her specific job in a more
efficient way
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Three major vendors provide groupware
packages that are all-encompassing
collaborative computing products
Lotus Notes and Domino
Microsoft Exchange Server
Novell GroupWise
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a term
applied to integrated software systems used
to manage the internal and external
resources of an organization. These include
the physical assets, financial resources,
materials and human resources (or staff).
ERP helps organizations integrate all its data,
information and business processes into
centralized storage system
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ERP helps business user’s ease of
communication between each other through
the system
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It avoids dual entries problem i.e. wrong
entries happening when the output of one
module is being re-entered in other modules,
etc…
Having the data in the centralized repository
helps the users to enjoy various complex
business reporting
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This benefits organizations in terms of manhour reduction in generating reports and
double entry of records in more than one
application
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SINGLE POINT OF CONTROL
DUPLICATE ENTRY ELIMINATION
DATA INTEGRITY
DETAIL DRILLDOWN
BASIC TRAINING
MANAGEABLE SUPPORT
MINIMAL IT MAINTENANCE
EASY UPGRADES
REDUCED COSTS
PROCESS CONTROL
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Microsoft Dynamics, AX, GP
SAP
SAGE
PERPS
DEACOM
BIZOWIE
AND MANY OTHERS
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Administration Module
Purchase Module
Inventory Module
Sales and Marketing
Production Planning and Control
Human Resource Management Module
Tax Exemption Management
Import and Export Management
Service Management
Asset Management
Financial Accounting Management
Retail Sales Management
Automated Email Management