Transcript Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)

Ed Hightower
IoT Slam
December 9, 2015

Brief history of M2M and the Internet of Things (IoT)

Key Components of the IoT
 Devices / remote terminals / objects
 Connectivity - Wireless Networks
 IoT Backend: data nets, computers, dbs, analytics, Big Data

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)




These are my personal
observations
Not speaking on behalf of
BlackBerry or any other
entity
Thanks to these companies
and groups for the public
information they provided
Logos shown in this
presentation are
copyrights of their
respective owners
1832: An electromagnetic telegraph was
created by Baron Schilling in Russia, and in
1833 Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber
invented their own code to communicate over
a distance of 1200 m within Göttingen,
Germany.
1844: Samuel Morse sends the first Morse
code public telegraph message "What hath
God wrought?" from Washington, D.C. to
Baltimore.
1926: Nikola Tesla in an interview with Colliers
magazine:
"When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth
will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is,
all things being particles of a real and rhythmic
whole.........and the instruments through which we
shall be able to do this will be amazingly simple
compared with our present telephone. A man will
be able to carry one in his vest pocket."




Telemetry
SCADA
Industrial Automation
Telematics





Wireline
Microwave
Private Radio
Wi-Fi
Satellite

Integrated circuit is invented in 1958
 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce changed the
world
 Basis for all electronic devices we have today

1984 - Bell telephone monopoly was
disbanded

Early 80’s – personal computers

Early 90’s – the Internet became
available to the masses

2007 – Apple introduced the iPhone

The IoT will become the nervous system for the planet

Help optimize our planet:

smarter power distribution

more efficient cities

digital battlefields

self-optimizing supply chains

hyper-targeted products
M2M point systems will be integrated to
become the Internet of Things:
DEVICES
CONNECTIVITY
NETWORKS
IOT BACKEND
SYSTEMS

Wireline

Microwave

Private Radio

Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE)

Wi-Fi / Mesh / ZigBee / SRD

Satellite
•
Cellular is very expensive, power
hungry and complex to implement and
manage
•
Wi-Fi, mesh, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc.
suffer from short range and complexity
to manage large scale deployments
•
Private radio, microwave are not
ubiquitous
•
Satellite is expensive and impractical for
many applications.

Per Machina Research:
•
More than 50% of IoT/M2M
connections need only a few bytes of
data transmitted to and from the
remote device periodically
•
Real-time communications not needed
i.e. some latency is acceptable
•
Long battery life required
•
In-building coverage/penetration
desired
Projected by Type
Cellular
Lo Power
WAN
Internet of objects
LAN
BT
14
Connected Devices: Access
Lo Power
WAN
LAN
Short Range
Long Range w/ Battery

Well established
standards
Good for:
•
•
•

Mobile devices
In-home
Short range
Not good:
•
•
Battery life
Long range
Long Range w/Power
Internet of Objects
Communicating Devices

Cellular


Emerging PHY
solutions / Undecided
Good for:
•
•
•

Long range
Long battery
Low cost
Not good:
•
High data-rate
Traditional M2M



Well established
standards
Good for:
•
•
•
Long range
High data-rate
Coverage
•
•
Battery life
Cost
Not good:
Internet of Objects
80% of volume
LPWAN Requirements:
 Low power transmit technology
 Long range communication
 Low power consumption
 Long battery life
 Low cost communications &
infrastructure
 Scalable system
 Permits mobility
 Reliable communication
1.
SIGFOX
2.
LoRa WAN / LoRa AllianceSemtech
3.
Weightless-N
4.
Weightless-P
5.
RPMA (Random Phase
Multiple Access) - Ingenu
6.
NB-LTE – 3GPP / Intel,
Ericsson and Nokia
Key approaches to LPWAN implementation:

Narrow band vs Spread spectrum

Unlicensed frequencies vs Cellular spectrum
LoRa Overview

LoRa utilized a spread spectrum based modulation
Advantages





Demodulate below noise floor – 30dB better than FSK
Better sensitivity than FSK (better Eb/No)
More robust to interference, noise, and jamming
Spreading codes orthogonal – multiple signals can occupy same channel
Tolerant to frequency offsets (unlike DSSS)







Proprietary protocol
Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz)
Very low data throughput (100 bps & 140 msgs/day)
Added two-way communications late 2014
Compelling business model
Head start – deployed in 8 countries now
Plan is for 60 countries in 5 years
 Will provide global cellular-IoT connectivity

Significant ecosystem / investment partners
 Samsung, Telefonica, SK Telecom, NTT Docomo, GDF Suez,
Air Liquide, Eutelsat, Elliott Mgt., etc.
Received over $150M in 4 Rounds from 14 Investors
 About to launch in 10 US cities






Proprietary protocol at PHY layer
Spread spectrum technology
Long range / Two-way comm.
Low power consumption
Three classes of device endpoints:
 Class A – each endpoint transmission is followed by
two short downlink receive windows / long battery life
 Class B – Class A functionality plus extra receive
windows at scheduled times
 Class C – continuously open receive windows closed
only when the endpoint is transmitting
Star-of-star topology





Open Standard / royalty free IP
Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz)
Very low data throughput (100 bps)
10+ year battery life
NWave won the Cisco UK BIG Competition
 (http://www.ciscobig.co.uk/)





One-way communications now
 Two-way planned for v2.0
Differential binary phase shift keying
Sub 1-GHz unlicensed spectrum
Frequency hopping
128 bit AES shared secret key regime

High performance
 Adaptive data rate - 200 bps to 100kbps
 Spread spectrum with frequency hopping

Two-way communication


169, 433, 470 – 510, 780, 868, 915 MHz
Long range
 2km in urban environment

Ultra-low-power
 Ultra-low-power <10uA/node : <10% of BT or
ZigBee network
 Using common PHY (GFSK, oQPSK, 802.15.4)

Ultra-large network
 Easily-scaled up to 50,000 wireless clients
 Consistent energy efficiency across all clients
 Smart networking for easy maintenance

- Reliable wireless
 Interactive radio using sub-1GHz ISM bands
excellent coverage and penetration
 FDMA+TDMA modulation in 12.5 kHz channels
 AES-128 encryption for security
www.weightless.org/about/weightlessP
For more info
 RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) –
Ingenu (formerly On-Ramp)
 Proprietary protocol
 2.4 GHz – focus on coverage
 Direct-sequence spread spectrum
 Used in 35 private networks worldwide
 Deploying the public Machine Network (30 US cities in
2016 – Dallas and Phoenix in late 2015)
 624 Kbps uplink and 156 Kbps downlink speeds
 Nov. 6, 2015 - Trilliant purchased Ingenu’s smart grid
business and customers (focus on utilities and smart cities)

NB-LTE (Narrow Band – LTE)
 3GPP approved “Work item” Sept. 14, 2015
▪ Created and promoted by Nokia, Ericsson and Intel
 Can be fully integrated into existing LTE networks
 Backward compatible with existing LTE networks
 Works within current LTE bands / guard bands +





stand alone (re-farmed GSM) frequencies
Does not need an overlay network
Low power consumption
Low cost modules
Support for massive number of devices
Low delay sensitivity

NB-CIoT (Narrow Band – Cellular IoT)
 Promoted by Huawei-Vodafone-China Unicom
 A variation of the Weightless-W by Neul
 Support from Vodafone and China Unicom
 Would be an overlay network

NB-LTE
 Won out over NB-CIoT
 NB-LTE will be part of 3GPP Release 13 in 2016














Alcatel-Lucent
Alcatel-Lucent
Shanghai Bell
AT&T
CATT
Deutsche Telekom
Ericsson
Huawei
HiSilicon
Intel
Interdigital
LG Electronics
Nokia Networks
OPPO
Panasonic
Qualcomm Incorporated
Samsung
Sony
SouthernLINC
Sprint
Telecom Italia SPA
Telefonica
TeliaSonera
T-Mobile US
u-blox
US Cellular
Verizon
Vodafone
ZTE Corporation
1.
SIGFOX
2.
LoRa WAN / LoRa AllianceSemtech
3.
Weightless-N
4.
Weightless-P
5.
RPMA (Random Phase
Multiple Access) - Ingenu
6.
NB-LTE – 3GPP / Intel,
Ericsson and Nokia
• SigFox – http://www.sigfox.com/en/
• LoRa Alliance - https://www.lora-alliance.org/
• Semtech – http://www.semtech.com/
• Weightless SIG - http://www.weightless.org/
• NWave Technologies – http://www.nwave.io/
•
M2Communications - http://www.m2comm-semi.com/
• Ingenu – http://www.ingenu.com/
• NB-LTE (NB-IoT) - http://www.3gpp.org/news-
events/3gpp-news/1733-niot
• Ed Hightower’s LinkedIn Profile –
www.linkedin.com/in/edhightower
Ed Hightower
www.linkedin.com/in/EdHightower
[email protected]
www.IoTandBeyond.com
Telecom Corridor, Dallas, TX
IoT Slam
December 9, 2015