1.2 Types of Network Topologies
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Transcript 1.2 Types of Network Topologies
OBJECTIVE:
o
Describe various network topologies
o
Discuss the role of network devices
o
Understand Network Configuration Factors to deploy a new network
1.0 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Physical layout of computers, cables and other components on the network
Also referred as:
Physical Layout
Design
Diagram
Map
1.1 Purpose of Network Topology
How computers communicate on the network
Different topology – Different communication method
1.2 Types of Network Topologies
Bus
Star
Ring
1.2.1 Bus
Terminals are connected in a row along a single cable
Single cable is also known as Trunk, Backbone or Segment
1.2.1.a How it works?
Sending host sends the data to all computers in network
Only that node accepts the data whose address matches the destination code
Only one computer can send data at one time
Network performance affects as number of nodes increases
If one computer fails it does not affect rest of the network
Terminators are installed at each end to absorb free signals (signal bouncing)
Network becomes down if one end is empty or cable is physically cut
1.2.2 Star
Terminals are connected by a cable segment to a central device
Central Device can be a HUB or Switch
1.2.2.a How it works?
Sending host sends the data to central device
Central Device sends the data to receiving host
If central device fails, the entire network becomes down
If one computer or one cable fails, it does not affect rest of the computers
1.2.3 Ring
Terminals are connected on a single circle of cable
No terminated ends
1.2.3.a How it works ?
Signals travel in a loop in one direction and pass through each computer
Each computer acts like a repeater unlike passive bus topology
Failure of one computer can impact the entire network
Ring topology use TOKEN PASS technology
2.0 NETWORK DEVICES
PURPOSE OF NETWORK DEVICES:
Regulate the speed at which network information travels
Manage flow of traffic, opening, closing and directing of traffic
Protect sensitive information
2.1 Network Interfaces
Network Interface Card (NIC) is a device used to connect computers, printers
and other peripherals to a network
Sending NIC --- Parallel into serial form
Receiving NIC --- Serial into Parallel form
Speed is measured in bps
Each NIC has a unique MAC address
Each NIC is assigned an IP Address by Network Administrator
2.2 HUB
HUB stands for Hybrid Universal Bus
A small device gathers the signals from each individual device optionally
amplifies, and sends the data to all other connected devices
All devices connected to a HUB share the bandwidth of network
More devices connected to a HUB, lower the network performance
12 or 24 ports available in standard HUB
Speed is measured in bps
2.3 Switch
Switch works exactly in the same way as HUB except:
It does not broadcast
It does not interfere network bandwidth
8, 12, 24 Ports are usually available
Speed is measured in bps
Must be compatible with other network devices
2.4 Routers
Routers connect two or more networks of different design
Find the best path (route) to transmit data
Routers can be programmed to define traffic rules
Expertise are required to configure routers
2.5 Firewalls
A device (combination of hardware and software) that protects unauthorized
access to a network
Types of Firewalls
Packet Screening Firewalls
Proxy Servers
State full Inspection Proxies
3.0 NETWORK CONFIGURATION FACTORS
i. Choosing the Network Type / Utilization
• Peer to Peer
• Server Based Networking
ii. Choosing the Network Topology / Performance
• Bus
• Star
• Ring
iii. Choosing the Communication Media / Performance
• Physical Media
• Wireless Media
• Light Emitted Media
iv. Future Considerations / Flexibility
v. Cost
vi. Maintenance