Transcript 45870wk3-2 - Andrew.cmu.edu

Management of Information
Systems: 45-870
Mini-3
Spring 2000
Thursday, February 3, 2000
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Agenda
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Announcements
Technology Byte Presentations
Database Trends
Telecommunications and
Internetworking Technologies
Information about Mid-Term
Thursday, February 3, 2000
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Announcements
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Technology Byte Presentations
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Thursday (2/3):
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Thursday, February 3, 2000
Section A: Digital Agents, Hyperlinks
Section B: Alwin & the Chipmunks, Cash Money
Brothers
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Announcements
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IT Exercise II due no later than
midnight this Friday, 2/4/00
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Submit one set of answers for your team
You can email to me as an MS Word attachment
or submit as hard copy
Technology Byte Report
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Thursday, February 3, 2000
Due on no later than midnight this Friday, 2/4/00
Submit as a web page linked to your team’s home
page that you had created in the first IT exercise
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Technology Byte Presentations
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Section A:
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Digital Agents
Hyperlinks
Section B:
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Alwin & the Chipmunks
Cash Money Brothers
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The Information Technology
Platform: Building Blocks
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SOFTWARE & DATA
HARDWARE
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DATABASE TRENDS
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DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING: Multiple
Geographical / Functional Systems Connected
with Network
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Web Databases
DISTRIBUTED DATABASE: Data Physically
Stored in more than one Location
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PARTIONED
DUPLICATE
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DATABASE TRENDS
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OBJECT- ORIENTED: Data and
Procedures Stored Together; can be
Retrieved, Shared
HYPERMEDIA: Nodes Contain Text,
Graphics, Sound, Video, Programs.
Organizes Data as Nodes.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL: 3D (or higher)
Groupings to Store Complex Data
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DATABASE TRENDS
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DATA WAREHOUSE: Organization’s
Electronic Library Stores Consolidated
Current & Historic Data for Management
Reporting & Analysis
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Databases in the IT
Architecture
Distributed
Databases on
Intranets &
Other Networks
Client
PC or
NC
End User
Databases
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Network
Server
Data
Warehouse
External
Databases on
the Internet &
Online
Services
Operational
Databases of
the Organization
Analytical
Databases of
Critical
Organization
Data
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The Information Technology
Platform: Building Blocks
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SOFTWARE & DATA
HARDWARE
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Basic Components in a
Telecommunications Network
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Telecommunications
Processors
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PCs, NCs,
and Other
Terminals
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2
Telecommunications
Channels and Media
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Telecommunications
Software
4 Computers
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Telecommunications Components
Network Component
Media
Processors
Software
Channels
Topology/
Architecture
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Examples
Twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics,
microwave radio, communications satellites, cellular
phone systems, radio, infrared
Modems, multiplexers, switches, routers, hubs,
gateways
Network operating systems, telecommunications
monitors, middleware
Analog/digital switched/nonswitched,
circuit/message/packet/cell switching, bandwidth
alternatives
LAN, WAN, VAN, VPN, Client-Server, Internetworked
Enterprise
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Telecommunications Media
MEANS BY WHICH DATA ARE
TRANSMITTED:
 TWISTED PAIR ( Copper Wires)
 COAXIAL CABLE: (Insulated Copper
Wires)
 FIBER-OPTIC CABLE
 WIRELESS
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Telecommunications
Processors
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Modems
Multiplexers
Switches
Routers
Hubs
Gateways
Examples:
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Typical use of Telecommunications Processors
CMU’s use of Telecommunications Processors
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Communications Software
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Network Operating Systems
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Telecommunications Monitors
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Middleware
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Telecommunications Channels
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Analog vs. Digital
Switched vs. non-switched
Switching Alternatives
Transmission Speed: Bits per Second
(BPS) or Baud
Bandwidth: Capacity of Channel;
Difference between Highest & Lowest
Frequencies
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Telecommunications Topologies:
Local Area Network (LAN)
PC
PC
PC
Shared
Database and
Software Packages
Network
Server
Shared
Printer
PC
PC
Internetwork Processor to Other Networks
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LAN Topologies
USER
USER
STAR
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HOST
USER
USER
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LAN Topologies
USER
USER
USER
USER
USER
USER
BUS
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LAN Topologies
USER
USER
RING
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USER
USER
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
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NETWORK SPANS LARGE GEOGRAPHIC
DISTANCES
CAN INCLUDE CABLE, SATELLITE,
MICROWAVE
SWITCHED LINES: Route Determined
by Current Traffic
DEDICATED LINES: Constantly Available
for High-Volume Traffic
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Value-Added Networks (VAN) and
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
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VANs:
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PRIVATE; MULTIPATH; DATA ONLY
3rd PARTY MANAGED
USED BY SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS
SUBSCRIPTION BASIS
VPNs:
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Client-Server Networks
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Distributes computing power
End user PC or NC are clients
Clients interconnected by LANS to
network servers
LANs interconnected to other LANs and
WANs
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Inter-networks
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Brief History of the Internet
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ARPANET, 1969
ARPANET & Milnet, 1980s = “the Internet”
NSFNET, 1986
ARPANET retired 1990
Web users, 1996 = 25 million
Web users, 2000 > 160 million
Internet vs. Web
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Connecting to the Internet
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How to connect:
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phone
cable
satellite
LAN
Types of connection services:
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Internet connection providers (ISPs)
Proprietary Content Providers (AOL)
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Internet Characteristics
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Open standards and protocols (TCP/IP)
Asynchronous transmission of data:
Information Packets
Destination
IP Address
ROUTER
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Internet Bandwidth
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What is bandwidth important for the
Internet?
Internet Technology Bandwidths and Uses
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Modem
ISDN
Ethernet LAN
Leased Lines (T1 and T3)
ATM
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Internet Security
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Internet Commerce
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Encryption and Digital Certificates
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Firewalls
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Organizational Uses of
Internetworking Technologies
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Intranet
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Extranet
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The Inter-networked Enterprise
The Internet
Company
Intranets
Extranet
Extranet
Intranet
Intranets
Intranets
Customer
Extranet
Supplier
Intranets
Extranet
Other Company Locations
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Telecommunications Trends
Industry Trends
More vendors, carriers, alliances, and
network services,accelerated by deregulation & Internet Growth
Technology Trends
More Internet, interconnected local & global
digital networks, improved transmission channels
Application Trends
More electronic commerce, enterprise
collaboration, online business operations etc. via networks
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Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
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Logistics and Location
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can use laptops in GSIA 152 or use PCs in ELC
or manually write answers in blue books
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we will use the network printer for printing
ELC is reserved so you can print your answers
there
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Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
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Format:
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you will have 90 minutes to complete it,
excluding print time
this is an individual, not team effort
Be sure to:
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ATQ: answer the question!
Be very specific and precise in your answers –
general or vague answers will not receive full credit
open book, open note, open network, except:
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NO E-MAILING TO CLASSMATES TO SHARE
ANSWERS !!
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Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
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Questions:
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Thursday, February 3, 2000
consists of 4-6 short answer questions and
1-2 longer answer questions
Questions have multiple parts
short answer questions are technical (i.e.,
definitions) and longer answer questions
are application oriented (i.e., like in-class
exercises, homework exercises, etc.)
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Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
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Some Sample Technical Questions:
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What are some important trends in micro-processors? Will
micro-processor performance continue to improve
dramatically? Why or why not?
How is a relational database different than a traditional “flat”
file? Provide a specific example to illustrate your answer.
What is the difference between a network computer and a
personal computer? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of each?
How is a primary key different from a concatenated key
different from a foreign key? Provide examples to illustrate.
What is normalization? Why is it important to normalize?
Provide an example to illustrate.
What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN? In what
situations would a company prefer to use a LAN? a WAN?
What is middleware and why is it an important technology for
organizations?
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Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
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Some Sample Application Questions:
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Consider the IT called “artificial intelligence”. What is
artificial intelligence? Describe how you think this IT will
change business in the future. What are the business
opportunities of this IT? What are the primary dangers,
threats, or business challenges associated with this IT?
Describe an effective process for companies to use in
creating web pages in their intra/inter/extra/nets. That is,
should they centralize or de-centralize the design,
development, implementation and maintenance? Should
they use an HTML generator or code HTML by hand? Should
they standardize or allow autonomy in web design? Justify
your choices.
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Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
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Preparation and Review
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Covers material:
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Discussed or presented in class
In Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 of text
In handouts (e.g., database handout, FrontPage handouts)
On Course Web Site
In in-class exercises
Suggest outlining or organizing your material so you
know where to find things during the exam
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Mid-Term Exam: Feb. 8
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If you are unable to take the exam on Feb. 8
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you must notify me no later than Feb. 7, 2000 and
explain why you cannot take the exam.
I must excuse you, and we will set up a date and time
for make up of the exam.
Note that the make-up exam will have different
questions than the exam administered in class
Unexcused absences will result in a grade of zero
on the exam
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