Web Server Administration - Business and Computer Science
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Transcript Web Server Administration - Business and Computer Science
Web Server Administration
Chapter 1
The Basics of Server and Web
Server Administration
1
Overview
Review the Internet and the World
Wide Web
Learn about server administration
Learn about Web server administration
Explore the common tasks and services
performed by administrators
Examine networking building blocks
Compare Web server platforms
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Review the Internet and the
World Wide Web
The Internet is a worldwide network of
networks
Where the Internet uses the HTTP protocol, it
is called the Web
Shares WAN used by the international
telecommunications network
Uses TCP/IP
Web servers use HTTP to communicate
The Internet is not centrally controlled
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Review the Internet and the
World Wide Web
Internet had its origins in the 1960s
In 1995 a high-speed backbone was
created
Included 4 network access points (NAPs)
More have been created since then
Now much Internet traffic is handled
without going through NAPs
Peering agreements allow this
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Understanding Server
Administration
Server administrators
Focus on the LAN
Provide access to software and services
Make sure environment is reliable and
consistent
Minimize harm that users can do to
network
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Working with Users
A LAN can serve hundreds or even
thousands of users
Users need to be productive
Users like consistency
Roaming profiles allow users to have the
same personalized desktop environment on
multiple computers
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Establishing Access Control
Users need just enough access to do their
jobs, but not more
Typically, users are organized into groups,
and groups are given access to network
resources
Users can be given different access to the
same resources
A document can be read by everyone but modified
by only specific people
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Understanding the Server
Environment
All but the smallest network includes
more than one server
With Windows computers, servers and
users’ computers can be organized into
domains in order to centralize control
In Windows 2000 and Windows Server
2003, domains can be grouped into
forests
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Understanding Web server
Administration
Web server administrators focus on the
Internet
Need to work with ISPs and Web page
developers
Typically, a Web server provides
information to anyone who requests it
over the Internet
Web servers can contain other
applications such as FTP and e-mail
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Understanding Web server
Administration
Depending on the size of the
organization, some tasks may be
delegated
Web page development
Database design
Programming
E-mail administration
Security
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Selecting Programs and
Databases
Web server administrators need to install
programming languages
Web developers use a variety of languages
Active Server Pages (ASP)
ASP.Net
Original language from Microsoft
A newer environment that includes many languages
Java Server Pages (JSP)
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Selecting Programs and
Databases
Non-Microsoft languages are popular,
even on Microsoft Web servers
Perl – one of the first and still popular
PHP – easy to use
Java Server Pages (JSP)
Macromedia ColdFusion
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Selecting Programs and
Databases
A database management system (DBMS) is
used to store data used with Web pages
Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are
sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites
Standard Query Language (SQL) is the
language used to communicate with the
DBMS
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Managing E-mail Servers
Open by design to accept e-mail from
anyone
Spam can be a problem to manage
Specific utilities can be used to help
minimize spam
Viruses are commonly sent by e-mail
Use virus detection software and keep it
updated
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Other Applications
Firewall
FTP
Helps protect your Web server environment from
attack
A service that allows users to download files from
and upload files to a server
DNS
Translates host names such as
www.technowidgets.com to an IP address
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Administrators' Common Tasks
and Services
Installing and configuring systems
Maintaining security
Monitoring the system
Maintenance and backup
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Network Building BlocksThe OSI Model
Layer Name
Description
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Application
Responsible for low-level application access to the network.
6
Presentation
Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the
Application layer.
5
Session
Can open, maintain, and shut down communication.
4
Transport
Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another.
(TCP and UDP)
3
Network
Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP
and ICMP)
2
Data Link
Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down
through the upper layers and the physical layer.
1
Physical
Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.
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TCP/IP Model
Layer
Name
Common
Components
OSI
Reference
Application
HTTP, SMTP, POP3
FTP, DNS
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
TCP, UDP
Transport
Network
IP, ICMP
Network
Physical
Ethernet, FDDI
Data Link
Physical
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TCP/IP Protocols
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Web servers implement this protocol
Used by e-mail servers (and sometimes
Web servers) to send e-mail
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Used to retrieve e-mail
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TCP/IP Protocols
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Domain Name Service (DNS)
Transfers files to and from server
Translates host names to IP addresses and
IP addresses to host names
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Creates a reliable connection between two
computers
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TCP/IP Protocols
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Does not establish a connection, just sends
messages
Provides addressing scheme
Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP)
Provides error messages
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Connecting Your LAN to the
Internet
Your ISP connects to the Internet
A WAN connection is used between
your building and the ISP
A T-Carrier connection is often used
A digital connection for voice and data
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Common T-Carrier
Connections
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Connecting to the Internet
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Other ways to Connect to the
Internet
Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Dial-up access
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to 1.544 Mbps
Often differing speeds for uploads and downloads
Depending on type, up to 6.1 Mbps for downloads
and 1.544 Mbps for uploads
Cable Modem
Shared access cable provided by cable TV
company
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Web Hosting Solutions
Standard hosting
Dedicated server
Your site resides on the same computer with
many other sites
Cheapest solution
You have a server that only you use
Co-location
Your own server is physically located at the
company that does your Web hosting
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Web Server PlatformsMicrosoft
Windows NT (IIS 4)
Windows 2000 (IIS 5)
IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in
the mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added
later
IIS part of the OS from the beginning
.NET Framework add-on allows use of ASP.NET
Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6)
.NET Framework integrated into OS
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Other Microsoft Server
Products
Application Center
Biztalk Server
Allows you to manage a cluster of servers as
if it is one server
Connects to your business partners using XML
Commerce Server
Builds e-commerce sites in a short amount of
time
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Other Microsoft Server
Products
Internet Security and Acceleration Server
Operations Manager
Combines a firewall product with a Web cache
Helps decrease support costs for a server
environment
SharePoint Portal Server
Set up a site that is highly personalized
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UNIX/Linux
UNIX was introduced in 1969
Linux is from the early 1990s
Based on MINIX
Three basic components
Kernel – central portion of OS
File system – provides input and output
mechanisms
Shell – provides user interface
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Linux
Source code is freely available
Developers can make changes
Available from a number of
organizations
Red Hat
Mandrake
SuSe
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Summary
Server administration focuses on LANs
Web server administration focuses on
the Internet
Both types of administrators install,
configure, and maintain servers
Many pieces make up the network
There are many Web server platforms
from which to choose
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