Transcript Web Server Administration - Edinboro University of

Web Server Administration
Chapter 1
The Basics of Server and Web
Server Administration
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Introduction
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Server Administrator focus
Web Server Administrator focus
Web Server Administrator
Responsibilities
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Overview
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Review the Internet and the World Wide Web
Learn about server administration
Learn about Web server administration
Explore the common tasks and services
performed by administrators
Examine networking building blocks
Compare Web server platforms
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Review the Internet and the
World Wide Web
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Protocols – rules governing communication
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (language of the internet)
IP Address – Internet Protocol Address
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IPv4 (IP Version 4)
IPv6 (IP Version 6)
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Application Protocols
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HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPS –HTTP Secure
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
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How it works…
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Open the browser
and type a URL
(web address)
Translate the URL
address into the IP
address
Send the packet
using IP address
Receive the
webpage
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http://gargasz.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/what-is-dns-diagram1.jpg
Review the Internet and the
World Wide Web
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The Internet
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WWW - Where the Internet uses the HTTP
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worldwide network of networks
Shared WAN used by the international
telecommunications network
Uses TCP/IP
Web servers use HTTP to communicate
The Internet is not centrally controlled
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Review the Internet and the
World Wide Web
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1960 – origin of the Internet
1995 – high-speed backbone created
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4 network access points (NAPs)
More NAP added
Backbone controlled by industry – Verizon,
Sprint…
Internet traffic handled by
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NAP
Peering agreements via ISP
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Break
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Complete EX1-1
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Ex 1-1
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Define the Internet.
Define the Web.
Is e-mail part of the Web or Internet?
When did the Internet begin?
What is a backbone?
What does TCP/IP stand for?
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Ex 1-1 (continued)
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What does HTTP stand for?
What is HTTPS, why is it used, and how
is it different from S-HTTP?
NAP, what does it stand for and what is
its purpose?
How many NAPs exist today?
Explain peering agreements.
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Understanding Server
Administration
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Server administrators
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Focus on the LAN
Provide access to software and services
Reliable and consistent environment
Minimize harm that users can do to
network
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Working with Users
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A LAN could have 100’s-1000’s of users
Users need to be productive
Users like consistency
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Roaming profiles
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Establishing Access Control
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Users – give just enough access
Users organized into groups
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Access defined by the group
Files/services indicate permissions
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A document can be read by everyone but modified
by only specific people
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Understanding the Server
Environment
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Usually more than one server
Must manage routers, switches, hubs
Must manage connections/cables
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Break
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Complete EX1-2
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Ex1-2
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What does the server administrator
focus on?
How is access control implemented?
In Windows, servers and users are
organized into what?
In Windows Server 2003, domains can
be grouped into what?
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Ex1-2 (continued)
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What is the current version of Windows
Server?
In the newest version of Windows
Server, how are users organized?
In Linux, how are users organized?
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Understanding Web server
Administration
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Web server administrators focus on the
Internet
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Need to work with ISPs and Web page
developers
Web servers provide information to
anyone who requests it over the
Internet
Web servers can contain other
applications such as FTP and e-mail
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Skills
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Manage email server
Manage web development environment
Manage FTP access
Work with or manage DNS
Configure and understand firewall and
proxy server
Work with others…
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Understanding Web server
Administration
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Depending on the size of the
organization, some tasks may be
delegated
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Web page development
Database design
Programming
E-mail administration
Security
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Selecting Programs and
Databases
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Web server administrators need to install
programming languages
Web developers use a variety of languages
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Active Server Pages (ASP)
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ASP.Net
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Original language from Microsoft
A newer environment that includes many languages
Java Server Pages (JSP)
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Selecting Programs and
Databases
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Other languages
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Perl – one of the first and still popular
PHP – easy to use
Java Server Pages (JSP)
Macromedia ColdFusion
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Selecting Programs and
Databases
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A database management system (DBMS) is
used to store data used with Web pages
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Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are
sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites
Standard Query Language (SQL) is the
language used to communicate with the
DBMS
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“SEQUEL” or “EES-QUE-EL”
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Managing E-mail Servers
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Open by design
Spam can be a problem to manage
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Specific utilities help to minimize
Viruses are commonly sent by e-mail
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Virus detection software
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Other Applications
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Firewall
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FTP
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Helps protect your Web server environment from
attack
A service that allows users to download files from
and upload files to a server
DNS
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Translates host names such as
www.technowidgets.com to an IP address
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Administrators' Common Tasks
and Services
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Installing and configuring systems
Maintaining security
Monitoring the system
Maintenance and backup
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Break
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Complete Exercise 1-3
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Ex 1-3
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What does the Web server
administrator focus on?
True/False: A Web server can also be
an FTP server and an e-mail server.
What are some programming languages
available for Web servers?
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Ex 1-3 (continued)
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List five things that web server
administrators manage.
What is DNS and what does it do?
What are four tasks that are common to
all system administrators?
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Network Building Blocks
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OSI Model – 1970/80
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Open Source Interconnection Model
Theoretical model
Divides data communication into 7 layers
TCP/IP Model
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Suite of protocols
Real world model
Divides data communication into 4 layers
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Network Building BlocksThe OSI Model
(Open Source Interconnection)
Layer Name
Description
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Application
Responsible for low-level application access to the network.
6
Presentation
Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the
Application layer.
5
Session
Can open, maintain, and shut down communication.
4
Transport
Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another.
(TCP and UDP)
3
Network
Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP
and ICMP)
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Data Link
Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down
through the upper layers and the physical layer.
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Physical
Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.
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TCP/IP Model
Layer
Name
Common
Components
OSI
Reference
Application
HTTP, SMTP, POP3
FTP, DNS
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
TCP, UDP
Transport
Internet
IP, ICMP
Network
Network Interface Ethernet, FDDI
Data Link
Physical
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TCP/IP Protocols
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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Web servers implement this protocol
Used by e-mail servers to send e-mail
Retrieving emails
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Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Internet Message Access Protocol(IMAP)
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TCP/IP Protocols
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
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Domain Name Service (DNS)
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Transfers files to and from server
Translates host names to IP addresses and
IP addresses to host names
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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Creates a reliable connection between two
computers
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TCP/IP Protocols
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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Used to send small simple messages
Provides addressing scheme
Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP)
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Used to send error messages
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OSI Model
7.
Application
Layer
6.
Presentation
Layer
5. Session
Layer
4. Transport
Layer
3. Network
Layer
2. Data Link
Layer
1. Physical
Layer
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TCP/IP Model
Application
Layer
Transport
Layer
Internet
Layer
Network
Access
Layer
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OSI and TCP/IP
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Network Components
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Ethernet cable/wireless
Switches
Routers
CSU/DSU
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(Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit)
T Carrier
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Connecting Your LAN to the
Internet
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ISP connects to the Internet
WAN connection is used between your
LAN and the ISP
WAN Connection
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A T-Carrier connection - digital connection
for voice and data
Other types: ISDN, DSL, cable
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Common T-Carrier
Connections
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Connecting to the Internet
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Other ways to Connect to the
Internet
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Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
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Dial-up access (faster than stnd dial-up)
Basic Rate Interface (BRI) up to 128 Kbps
Primary Rate Interface (PRI) up to 1.544 Mbps
Often differing speeds for uploads and downloads
Cable Modem
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Shared access cable provided by cable TV
company
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Web Hosting Solutions
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Standard hosting
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Dedicated server
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Your site resides on the same computer with many
other sites
Cheapest solution
You have a server that only you use
Co-location
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Your own server is physically located at the
company that does your Web hosting
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Break
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Complete EX 1-4
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Ex 1-4
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What protocol is used to send e-mail?
What protocol is used to transfer files?
What protocol provides an addressing scheme?
Explain the difference between POP3 and IMAP.
Define UDP and explain when it is used instead of
TCP.
Explain what a switch does in a network?
Explain what a router does in a network?
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Ex 1-4 (continued)
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What does CSU/DSU stand for and what
is its purpose in networking?
True/False: A T-carrier can be used for
both voice and data.
What is bandwidth?
Create a table to compare the t-carrier,
ISDN, DSL, and cable modem speeds
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Web Server PlatformsMicrosoft
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Windows NT (IIS 4)
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Windows 2000 (IIS 5)
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IIS part of the OS from the beginning
.NET Framework add-on allows use of ASP.NET
Windows Server 2003 (IIS 6)
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IIS (Internet Information Server) was added in the
mid-1990s, and support for ASP was added later
.NET Framework integrated into OS
And… more
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UNIX/Linux
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UNIX was introduced in 1969
Linux is from the early 1990s
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Based on MINIX
Three basic components
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Kernel – central portion of OS
File system – provides input and output
mechanisms
Shell – provides user interface
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Linux
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Source code is freely available
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Developers can make changes
Available from a number of
organizations
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Red Hat
Ubuntu
More…
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Break
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Complete EX 1-5
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Ex1-5
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List the 5 most recent Microsoft server
operating systems
List 5 recent Microsoft server software
products for servers
List the 10 most popular Linux server
distributions and provide one notable
piece of information about each.
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Ex 1-5 (continued)
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What web server platform have you dealt
with before?
How do you connect to the Internet outside
of school and what hardware and software is
involved?
From what you know so far what provides a
better platform for web development, Linux
or Windows? What is your reason?
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Summary
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Server administration focuses on LANs
Web server administration focuses on
the Internet
Both types of administrators install,
configure, and maintain servers
Many pieces make up the network
There are many Web server platforms
from which to choose
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